机电工程专业英语1-7.pdf

08 机电工程专业英语机电工程专业英语(考核课程考核课程) 平时作业占总分平时作业占总分 50%---期中考查前每单元作业总共占期中考查前每单元作业总共占 25%;期末期末考查考查前每单元作前每单元作 业总共占业总共占:25% (每单元课文部分选取每单元课文部分选取 5-6 段英译中段英译中,两边留处两边留处 1.5 公分批改用公分批改用, 逐句译准逐句译准,可自己译后修改可自己译后修改,反对抄参考译文反对抄参考译文. 期中考查时期中考查时,或期末考查或期末考查时一起交时一起交 上所学单元上所学单元.)(各人作业本封面上端正注明姓名各人作业本封面上端正注明姓名,班级班级,学号学号,课程名称课程名称!) 期中考查期中考查: 25% 期末期末考查考查:25% 08 机电工程专业英语期中机电工程专业英语期中, 期末期末考查形式考查形式: 按照所学单元内容范围笔头闭卷考查按照所学单元内容范围笔头闭卷考查: 专业词汇短语英译中专业词汇短语英译中 50%; 专业文章段落翻译专业文章段落翻译 50% . (平时加强所学内容的复习巩固平时加强所学内容的复习巩固.) Lesson 1 Text Introduction to Machinery Design [1] Machinery (machine systems collectively) design is either to formulate an engineering plan阐 明工程计划for the satisfaction of a specified need or to solve an engineering problem. It involves a range of 涉及到学科 disciplines in materials, mechanics, heat, flow, control, electronics and production. 机械设计用于阐明一个工程计划以满足某种特殊需要或解决一个具体的工程问 题。

它涉及的学科有材料、力学、热、流体、控制、电子和制造 Machinery design may be simple or enormously (enormously) complex, easy or difficult, mathematical精确 or nonmathematical不精确, it may involve a trivial琐碎的 problem or one of great importance. Good design is the orderly 有条理的 and interesting arrangement of an idea to provide certain results or effects. A well-designed product is functional, efficient, and dependable. Such a product is less expensive than 与..比较 a similar poorly designed product that does not function properly and must constantly be repaired. 机械设计可能简单或很复杂，容易或是困难， 精确或不精确，它可能包括一些琐碎的问题，也可能是一个非常重要的问题。

好的设计是一 个很有条理的和令人感兴趣的想法， 能提供一些成果或有用的结果， 一个好的设计产品是可 使用的、 有效的和可靠的 这样的一个设计产品与不能正常工作和必须经常进行修理的类似 的不好的设计产品相比，要更便宜 People (who perform the various functions of machinery design-定语从句) are typically(generally) called industrial designers 工业设计师. He or she must first carefully define 明确定义 the problem, （现分短作目的状）using an engineering approach, to ensure that any proposed solution 提出的方案 will solve the right problem. 进行各种机械设计工作的人通常被称为工程师他 或她必须首先认真定义问题，使用工程方法确保提出任何的一种方案都能正确地解决问题 [2] It is important that the designer begins by identifying exactly how he or she will recognize a satisfactory alternative（choices）, and how to distinguish between two satisfactory alternatives in order to identify 确定 the better. So industrial designers must have creative imagination, 具有 创造性的想象力，knowledge of engineering, production techniques 生产技术, tools, machines, and materials to design a new product for manufacture, or to improve an existing product 现有的 产品。

设计者一开始要准确判定他或她将如何识别出一个令人满意的选择， 以及如何区别 两个令人满意的选择，以便决定一个更好的选择，这是很重要的因此工程师必须要具有创 造性的想象力，熟悉工程知识、生产技术、工具、机器和材料以设计制造一个新产品，或改 进现有的产品 In the modern industrialized 现代工业化社会 world, the wealth and living standards of a nation are closely linked 与..紧密联系 with their capabilities to design and manufacture engineering products. It can be claimed 可以说 that the advancement of machinery design and manufacturing can remarkably promote the overall 整体水平 level of a country’s industrization. Our country is playing a more and more vital role 扮演越来越重要角色 in the global manufacturing 全球制造 业 industry. To accelerate（quicken）such an industrializing 工业化进程 process, highly skilled design engineers（现分短作定）having extensive knowledge and expertise [,ekspə:'ti:z 专门技术知识] are needed. 在现代工业化社会里， 一个国家的财富和生活水平与他们设计制造工程 产品的能力紧密地联系在一起。

我们可以说机械设计和制造业的进步能显著地促进一个国家 工业化的整体水平的提高我们的国家在全球制造业大舞台上正扮演着越来越重要的角色， 加速国家工业化进程将就需要越来越多具有广泛知识和专门技术的高技能的设计工程师 Machinery Components 机械零件 The major part of a machine is the mechanical system. 机器的主要部分是机械系统 （力学系统） [3] And the mechanical system is decomposed into分解为分解为mechanisms（机构Device consisting of a piece of machinery）, which can be further decomposed into mechanical components机械零件. 机械系统被分解为许多机构, 机构又能进一步被分解为机械零件 In this sense, the mechanical components are the fundamental elements of machinery. 从这种意义上讲, 机械零件是机械的基础。

On the whole, mechanical components can be classified as 被分为 universal and special components. 总体上来讲，机械零件被分为通用零件和专用零件两类 Bolts, gear, and chains are the typical examples 典型的例子 of the universal components, which can be used extensively in different machines across various industrial sectors在各种工业部门. 螺栓、齿轮和链条是典型的通用零件，它们广泛地应用在各种工业部门的不同机器上 Turbine blades涡轮机叶片, crankshaft 曲轴 and aircraft 飞机螺旋桨 propeller are the examples of the special专用零件components, which are designed for some specific purposes. 涡轮机叶 片、曲轴和飞机的螺旋桨属于专用零件，它们具有一些特殊的用途。

Mechanical Design Process 机械设计步骤 Product design requires much research and development不断探索和发展. Many concepts of an idea 概念性想法 must be studied, tried, refined 精确完善, and then either used or discarded （cast away）. 产品的设计需要不断探索和发展许多方案必须被研究、试验、完善, 然后 决定使用还是放弃 Although the content of each engineering problem is unique（unequaled）the designers follow the similar process to solve the problems. 虽然每个工程学问题的内容是独特的，但是设计师可以 按照类似的步骤来解决问题 The complete process is often outlined 如所示 as in Fig.1.1 完整的设计步骤如图 1.1 所示 Fig.1.1 Design Process Model 设计步骤示意图 Recognition of Need 需求认识 Sometimes, design begins when a designer recognizes a need and decides to do something about it. 有时，设计是从设计者识别出某种需求并且决定对此进行研究开始的。