
定语从句 详解 牛津高中英语模块.pdf
6页定语从句关系词常有3个作用:内接作用,引导定语从句弋替先行词X定语从句中担当一个成分注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分一 般w h om作为宾语关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语(w h e re)时间 状 语(w h e n),原 因 状 语(w h y)一一定语:定语用来限 定、修饰名词或代词,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短 语(动词不定式短语、动名词表示的)汉 语 中 常 用“的”表示主要由形容词担任,此外,名 远、代 远、幽、皿、副 远、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词如“T h e ma n、“T h eb ook”如“那个穿着西装的人是我爸爸”这就是一个定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句举例1,who,whom,that这些词代替指人,“w h om”作宾语指人,“t h a t”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物在从句中所起作用如下:(1)Is he the manwho/that wants to see you?他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)(2)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
whom/that在从句中作宾语)(3)The manwhom you spoke to just now is our English teacher.你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师2,Which用来指人或物(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略)-例如:(1)The package(which/that)you are carryingis about to comeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了which/that在从句中作宾语)3.whose(只用作定语)“whose”表 示 谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)例:A childwhoseparents are dead is called an orphan.双亲者I,死了 的孩子叫做孤儿whose”表示那个孩子的双亲)He lives in a roomwhosewindow faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的whose”表示那个房子的窗户)I关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语关系副词=介词+关系代词表原因 why=for which表 地 点where=in/at/on which(介词同先行词搭配)表 时 间when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配)当从句的逻辑主语是 some,any,no.somebody,anybody,nobody,somethin。
anvthina.evervthina 或 nothin时,常用“there is”开头Eg:There is somebodv here who wants to talk to you.这里有人要和你说话关系副词的用法及说明 关系副词why关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词(主 要 是the reason),同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语如:We dont know the reason why he didnt show u p.我们不知道他为什么没有来She didnt tell me the reason why she refused the offer.她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因与关系副词when和where不同,why可以换成that或省略如:Thats one of the reasons(why,that)I asked you to com e.这就是我请你来的原因之一另外,与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不一样,why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句如:他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒误:The main reason,why he lost his job.was that he drank.正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.二关系副词when关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。
Eg:There comes a time when you have to make a choice.你必须作出抉择的时候到了Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了Well put off the picnic until next week,when the weather may be better.我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点注意】不要一见到先行词为时间名词,就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分如果在定语从句中用作时间状语,就 用when;如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用w hen,而 要 用that,which等如:重点例句Dont forget the time(that,which)Ive told you.不要忘记我告诉你的时间重点例句】关系代词that/which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语,正因为是用作宾语,所以也可以省略三.关 系 副 词where关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。
如:【重点例句】This is the village where he was born.这就是他出生的村子重点例句Thats the hotel where we were staying last summer.这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆注意】与 前 面when的情况一样,注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词,就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分一如果在定语从句中用作地点状语,就 用where;如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用where,而 要 用that,which等Eg:He works in a factory that which makes TV sets.他在一家电视机厂工作关 系代词.whom指人注意:关系代词“whom”在口语和非正式语体中常用“who”代替,可省略w ho可以做主语,又可以做宾语,whom只能做宾语】如果在从句中做宾语,就用“whom或“who”Eg:He is the man who has an English book.他就是那个有英语书的男人You just met the person who was my friend.你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友。
二which th at通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语,表所有1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个朋友的父亲是医生2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在一座现在已经倒塌的房子中whose”指物时通常以以下结构来代替:(3)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.这是他昨天刚买的钢笔在定语从句中做原因状语1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I dont know the reason why he looks when/in which he was goingto school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.判断介词和关系代词方 法 一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。
例 如:This is the mountain villagewhere I stayed last year.判 断 改 错:(错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(对)This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.(对)Ill neverforget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.例.Is this the museum the exhibition was held?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one,解 析:主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词w h e r e,又 因i n t h e m u s e u m词 组,可 用 介 词i n +w h i ch引导地点状语而此题中,介 词on用的不对,所 以 选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、宾语时,选 择 关 系 代 词(w h o,w h o m,t h a t,w h i c h,w h o s e);先行词在从句中做状语时,应 选 择 关 系 副 词(“w h e r e”地 点 状 语,“w h e n”时间状语,“w h y”原 因 状 语)区 分 定 语 从 句 和 同 位 语 从 句1、定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系1)The planeis clear.同位语从句2、定语从句由关系代for advice.(3)The fact that the moon moves around the earth is knownto all.(4)The fact is that the moon moves around the earth.定语从句 介词+关系词1)介词后面的关系副词不能省略2)“that”前不能有介词3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词“when”和“where”互换例如:This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?误区提醒当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时,要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语作状语时用关系副词,反之用关系代词典型例题:I can never forget the day we worked together andthe day we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when解 析:.两 个 先 行 词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词。












