[优]美国联邦法院证据规则（中英文对照）[正式标准模板].docx

美国联邦法院证据规则（中英文对照）FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE2021版美国联邦法院证据规则（中英文对照）中英文3.2万字，word 文档学术交流请私信或评论留言Table of Contents 目录ARTICLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS 第一章 总则Article II – Judicial Notice第二章 司法认知Article III – Presumptions in Civil Cases 第三章 民事案件中的推定Article IV – Relevance and its Limits 第四章 相关性及其限制Article V – Privileges 第五章 特免权Article VI – Witnesses 第六章 证人Article VII – Opinions and Expert Testimony 第七章 意见与专家证言Article VIII – Hearsay 第八章传闻Article IX – Authentication and Identification 第九章 验真与辨认Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs第十章书写品、录制品和摄影的内容Article XI – Miscellaneous Rules 第十一章 其他规则部分章节示例如下：Rule 403 – Excluding Relevant Evidence for Prejudice, Confusion, Waste of Time, or Other Reasons规则403因损害、混淆、浪费时间或者其他原因而排除相关证据The court may exclude relevant evidence if its probative value is substantially outweighed by a danger of one or more of the following: unfair prejudice, confusing the issues, misleading the jury, undue delay, wasting time, or needlessly presenting cumulative evidence.如果相关证据的证明价值为以下一个或者多个危险所严重超过，则法院可以排除该证据：不公平损害、混淆争点或者误导陪审团、不当拖延、浪费时间或者不必要地出示重复证据。

Rule 404 – Character Evidence; Other Crimes, Wrongs or Acts规则404 品性证据；犯罪或者其他行为(a) Character Evidence.(1) Prohibited Uses. Evidence of a person’s character or character trait is not admissible to prove that on a particular occasion the person acted in accordance with the character or trait.(2) Exceptions for a Defendant or Victim in a Criminal Case. The following exceptions apply in a criminal case:（a）品性证据1）禁止使用关于某人的品性或者品性特点的证据，不得采纳用来证明该人在具体场合下的行为与之具有一致性2）刑事案件被告或者被害人的例外以下例外适用于刑事案件：(A) a defendant may offer evidence of the defendant’s pertinent trait, and if the evidence is admitted, the prosecutor may offer evidence to rebut it;(B) subject to the limitations in Rule 412, a defendant may offer evidence of an alleged victim’s pertinent trait, and if the evidence is admitted, the prosecutor may:(i) offer evidence to rebut it; and(ii) offer evidence of the defendant’s same trait; and（A）被告可以提供其相关品性特点的证据，如果该证据被采纳，公诉人可以提供证据来对之加以反驳；（B）在遵守规则412规定的限制条件的情况下，被告可以提供所称犯罪被害人相关品性特点的证据，如果该证据被采纳，公诉人可以：（i）提供证据对之加以反驳；以及（ii）提供被告具有相同品性特点的证据；以及(C) in a homicide case, the prosecutor may offer evidence of the alleged victim’s trait of peacefulness to rebut evidence that the victim was the first aggressor.(3) Exceptions for a Witness. Evidence of a witness’s character may be admitted under Rules 607, 608, and 609.（C）在杀人案中，公诉人可以提供所称被害人具有平和品格特性的证据，以反驳所称被害人是首先挑起事端者的证据（3）证人的例外。

关于证人的品性的证据，可以根据证据规则607、608和609采纳b) Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts.(1) Prohibited Uses. Evidence of any other crime, wrong, or act is not admissible to prove a person’s character in order to show that on a particular occasion the person acted in accordance with the character.（b）犯罪、不法行为或者其他行为1）禁止使用关于犯罪、不法行为或者其他行为的证据，不可采纳来证明某人的品性，以表明该人在特定场合的行为与该品性具有一致性2) Permitted Uses. This evidence may be admissible for another purpose, such as proving motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, absence of mistake, or lack of accident.(3) Notice in a Criminal Case. In a criminal case, the prosecutor must:(A) provide reasonable notice of any such evidence that the prosecutor intends to offer at trial, so that the defendant has a fair opportunity to meet it;(B) articulate in the notice the permitted purpose for which the prosecutor intends to offer the evidence and the reasoning that supports the purpose; and(C) do so in writing before trial–or in any form during trial if the court, for good cause, excuses lack of pretrial notice.（2）允许适用；刑事案件中的通知。

这一证据可以为其他目的而采纳，例如证明动机、机会、意图、准备、计划、知识、身份、无错误或者无意外事件根据刑事案件被告的请求，公诉人必须：（3）刑事案件中的通知 在刑事案件中，检察官必须：（A）就公诉人意图在审判中提出的任何此类证据的一般性质，提供合理通知；并且（B）在审判之前进行该通知，或者在审判期间，法院给予合理原因对未能进行审判通知予以了谅解C）在审判前以书面形式如此通知-或在审判期间以任何形式进行，如果法院出于充分的原因和理由，不做审前通知Rule 405 – Methods of Proving Character 规则405证明品性的方法(a) By Reputation or Opinion. When evidence of a person’s character or character trait is admissible, it may be proved by testimony about the person’s reputation or by testimony in the form of an opinion. On cross-examination of the character witness, the court may allow an inquiry into relevant specific instances of the person’s conduct.（a）用声望或者意见证明品性。

在关于某人品性或者品格特性的证据可采用的情况下，可以用关于该人声望的证言或者意见形式的证言予以证明在对品性证人进行交叉询问时，法院可以允许调查该人的相关具体行为实例b) By Specific Instances of Conduct. When a person’s character or character trait is an essential element of a charge, claim, or defense, the character or trait may also be proved by relevant specific instances of the person’s conduct.（b）用具体行为实例证明品性在某人的品性或者品格特性为一项指控、起诉辩护之要件的情况下，也可用该人的相关具体行为实例证明该品性或者品性特点Rule 406 – Habit; Routine Practice 规则406习惯；例行做法Evidence of a person’s habit or an organization’s routine practice may be admitted to prove that on a particular occasion the person or organization acted in accordance with the habit or routine practice. The court may admit this ev。