2025年中考英语二轮专题复习：阅读理解 题型突破讲义（含练习题及答案）.docx

2025年中考英语二轮专题复习：阅读理解 题型突破讲义中考考情分析　　阅读理解主要考查学生通过阅读文章获取信息、判断、推理以及概括的能力中考阅读理解所选的文章贴近学生的生活,语言地道,突出了实用性、趣味性和知识性近几年,中考阅读理解的主要题型有细节理解题、数字计算题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题和文章结构题等下面我们结合中考中的阅读理解,对每种题型进行简要的分析　　阅读理解是考查学生阅读能力的一种重要方式,主要考查学生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等阅读理解A篇的文体多为应用文或记叙文,题材主要是人物经历及感受、学校生活、人物介绍或访谈、跨文化介绍和活动计划等,词数为230~290;形式可为日记、对话、剧本和短文等;考查题型多为三道细节理解题阅读理解B篇和C篇主要为海报信息、旅游信息和广告信息等广告图表类应用文或记叙文,图表一般为1个或4个框,框前有对表格整体内容的文字介绍试题的选材贴近学生生活,时代气息浓郁考查题型多为3~5道细节理解题,偶尔考查一道数字计算题或一道推理判断题阅读理解D篇多为说明文或议论文,话题多涉及生活哲理、学习教育与工作、梦想与榜样和文化差异等。

文章以传递生活和学习中的正能量为主,如梦想的重要性、如何面对生活、产生痛苦的原因及解决方法、如何面对失败等考查题型多为两道细节理解题、一道词义猜测题、一道推理判断题、一道主旨大意题或标题归纳题　　阅读理解的题型及解题方法题型解题方法细节理解题常用skimming(略读)和scanning(扫读),带着问题读文章,遇上相关信息画上记号,分析比较得出答案,即通过提高阅读的针对性来提高答题速度和准确性推理判断题主要考查学生利用文章所给的信息进行推理判断的能力纵观全文,在汇集全文提供的各项信息的基础上,进行正确的逻辑推理,判断作者的动机,推断人物的动机,推断文章的体裁和来源这类题不能直接从原文中找到答案,必须仔细体会文章的因果关系和事情发展的始末,根据作者的思路进行合理推断,千万不能根据自己的意愿胡乱推理,也不能只凭常识推理词义猜测题旨在考查学生利用上下文猜测词、词组及句子意义的能力常用技巧如下:(1)通过因果关系猜测词义;(2) 通过同义词/反义词和同义关系/反义关系猜测词义;(3) 通过构词法猜测词义,若是掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识,这些问题便不难解决了;(4)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义;(5)根据上下文猜测词义;(6)根据生活常识猜测词义主旨大意题通常要求学生理解全文,能够归纳文章的大意,概括中心思想或选择文章标题。

第一类是主题句位于段首的演绎型段落,在英语议论文或说明文中有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句;第二类是主题句位于段末的归纳型段落,还有一类在文章段落中因此要注意区分文章的主要信息与次要信息进行总结归纳,有时还需要结合所学语言知识、背景知识和生活常识进行逻辑推理和判断文章结构题考查文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次这类考题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次的认知在中考题中,这是一种较为新颖的考查方式文章结构题的设题方式有:a.What is the right structure of the passage?b.Which of the following pictures shows the structure of the passage?c.In the next part,the author would most probably talk about...题型一:细节理解题例:As time develops,the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed.Nowadays,we can use online dictionaries too.When choosing our words in speaking or writing,we can be guided by the dictionary.However,we cannot be controlled by it,because new situations,new experiences,new inventions,and new feelings are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication?A.Be open to the new uses of words.B.Follow the dictionary strictly.C.Use online dictionaries instead.D.Try to create new words.【解析】A。

细节理解题根据“However,we cannot be controlled by it,because new situations,new experiences,new inventions,and new feelings are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.”可知,作者建议大家在使用词典时不能被它所控制,因为新的情况、新的经历、新的发明和新的感受总是在推动我们给旧词赋予新的用途,也就是接受词汇的新用法题型二:推理判断题例:Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about.As they read,they copied necessary information on cards:interesting words,common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses,and also the sentences where they were used.That is to say,the words,along with the uses of each word,were collected.For a really big dictionary,millions of such cards were collected.This task could last for years.As the cards were collected,they were put in alphabetical order(A—Z).When this was done,there would be several hundred cards for each single word.Why did dictionary writers read important books?A.To know more about the period.B.To collect words and their uses.C.To understand different subjects.D.To learn to use interesting words.【解析】 B。

推理判断题根据“As they read,they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words,common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses,and also the sentences where they were used.That is to say,the words,along with the uses of each word,were collected.”可推知,词典编纂者读重要的书籍是为了收集单词及其用法题型三:词义猜测题例:With my care,the young magpie was doing well,but he was not happy to find himself in a cage.Several days later,his wings were fine and nothing else was broken.He recovered,so I decided to drive him to where he was found.When I arrived,I got the cage out of the car and opened the door offering my arm.He jumped onto it and looked around.I could see he knew where he was.What does the underlined word “recovered” mean?　A.康复　 B.求救　 C.挨饿　 D.唱歌【解析】A。

词义猜测题由“Several days later,his wings were fine and nothing else was broken.”可知,几天后,他的翅膀完好无损,作者决定开车送他去被发现的地方所以recovered的意思是“康复”题型四:主旨大意题例:When accepting gifts,rules are different here in China and in the West.Anna Scheen,from the Netherlands,was puzzled(困惑的) when she gave a present to her Chinese friends for the first time.“They refused to accept it two or three times,and when they finally accepted,they didn’t open it.They just took it and put it away.After that,I never heard about it again.They never mentioned whether they liked it or not,” she said.In the West,it is polite to open a wrapped gift in front of the giver and say thanks.However,the situation is different in China.People usually open the gift after the giver has left.Opening a gift in front of the giver is regarded as impolite.The main idea of the passage is about 　　　　. A.the different rules of accepting presentsB.how to give a gift in ChinaC.how to choose a good giftD.the Western rules of accepting gifts【解析】A。