
初中英语文本解读实践探究.docx
14页初中英语文本解读实践探究摘要:本文试图介绍6种方法和途径,对文本进行 深层解读通过解读标题大意、具体细节、语法规则、功能 意念、逻辑推理、悬念猜想等手段,不仅提高学生的语言接 受能力、英语语感、词汇语法等综合水平和能力,而且提升 学生文化意识、情感态度、思维能力的综合素质,确保课堂 流畅性交际,确保学生英语学习的成功关键词:初中英语;阅读教学;解读文本一、问题的提出众所周知,阅读在听说读写四项技能中占有极重要的地 位因为有了文字,人类可以不再事事经过亲自的实践阅 读便成为现代人类社会认知的最基本方法,是人们传承和获 取信息最重要的手段然而,读者必须通过语篇信息,结合 自身背景知识,成功建构意义其理解文本因此,关注如何 从英语文本中,解读意义、挖掘内涵至关重要对文本进行 深层解读,掌握阅读技巧,便成为保证英语阅读理解课程的 成功,成为保证学生整体素质提升的必要条件何为解读文本?我们的理解是:Go deep into the passage we are learning; Exploit fully the latent potential of the text; Make full use of the article; Give a t horough analysis of the mat erial ; Explain the content of text in a particular way. That means to interpret the passage until the information is entirely absorbed and exhausted・因此,在初中英语阅读教学中,对文本进行深层解读很 有必要。
其目标不仅局限于提高学生语言接受能力、英语语 感、词汇语法等语言运用能力,而是在于提升学生文化意识、 情感态度、思维能力(如:预测、联想、推理、概括、归纳、 逻辑思维、发散思维等)的综合素质以下是对解读文本的探索通过解读标题大意(Topics & titles),语法项目(Grammar focus),具体细节(Specific information),功能意念(Notional function),逻辑推理 (Logical inference)和悬念猜测(Reasonable suspense) 等,来达到提升学生语言能力和综合素质的目的二、解读文本的实践与探究语言是思维的工具敏捷的英语思维可以快速从文章中 浏览信息、过滤信息,最后顺利地获取所需信息为了培养 学生英语思维,在英语阅读课中,我们通过解读Topics & titles , Grammar focus , Specific information ,Notional function, Logical inference 和 Reasonable suspense等六种途径,提升学生语言能力和综合素质1.解读标题大意(Topics & titles),增强预测能力 标题通常是对文章内容的提炼与概括。
好标题反映文章 主题,帮助读者预测文章内容,激发阅读兴趣在阅读前, 教师可以引导学生根据已有生活经验和知识,解读标题,预 测文本内容,培养学生带着有待验证的预测能力,进行整体 阅读训练如:Go for it!教材中,(本文以下均为Go for it!教 材)Book 7 的 Revision of Units 7T2 的 5a 中,是一位新 朋友写给你的一封信在学生阅读文本前,教师让学生预测 这位朋友会告诉我们什么信息:T: What does the person tell us in the letter?SI : Is s/he a boy / girl ? What s his / her name ?S2: Where is s/he from?S3: How old is s/he?S4: When is his / her birthday?S5: How many people are there in his / her family?学生发挥充分的想象能力,用what, when, where, how 等进行提问然后,再让学生们阅读文本,同时验证自己的预测与这 位美国朋友所告诉的信息是否吻合:S: His name is Jim. He is a boy. He is from America.• • •教师千万不能忽视这些预测活动,因为它们符合阅读理 解的心理过程,可以迅速激活学生已有的背景知识,强烈激 发学生阅读文本的兴趣。
2•解读具体细节(Specific information),培养文化 意识文本的具体细节渗透着异国文化意识由于英语学习为 了流畅交际,英语学习者也就不可避免地要通晓不同文化意识美国语言学家海姆斯 (Hymes )曾提出交际能力的四个要素:语法性 (possibility )、可行性(feasibility )、得体性 (appropriateness)和现实性(actually performed),后 两个因素就直接与文化有关因此,教师必须解读文本的 Specific information,培养学生的文化意识,为他们根据 不同场合使用恰当得体的、真实地道的英语打下基础如,Can you come to my party? (Book 8 Unit 5 的 Self check),要求学生根据Marie某周时间安排表,回复三位朋 友的邀请三张便条如下: 笔者要求学生根据文本,解读Specific information (具体细节)过程如下:T: What can you see on this page, class?Ss: Marie? s schedule and three notes from her friends・T: How do you know they are notes, not letters?SI: There are no stamps.S2: There are no "greetings, and no yours,・S3: There are no dates,.通过解读细节(Specific information),区分了书信 和便条的不同书写格式。
T: Well, do you know who are the three friends of Marie?Ss: They are Rose, Julie and Dave・T: Well done・ Who, d like to reply to the notes for Marie?SI: Let me try. Thank you for your invitation. I am sorry I can, t play tennis with you on. Saturday because I, m fishing with grandpa the whole day. My grandpa lives in the countryside and he is alone・ I want to stay with him that day.T: Wonderful. What about the second note, class? Anybody?S2: Let me have a try. I,m sorry I can? t go to your party on Monday because•・・T: Good job ! Well, it,st he third note now. Any volunteers?S3: Let me try. I,m sorry I can" t go to your house before 8: 00 pm because I have a piano lessonfrom 7: 00 to 8: 00 pm. But I can discuss the sciencereport with you after 8: 00.接着,教师关注了西方生活习惯和文化意识:T: WonderfuL By the way, what do you learn from these three notes from three of Marie? s friends? I mean why they write to each other before they meet and do something?SI: They want to know if she is free at that time.S2: They want to be polite to Marie・S3: The American people have better time schedule・T: Thanks a lot for your wonderful ideas・这样,在学生帮助Marie回复notes的语言交际中,既 了解英语便条的书写格式,又渗透了英语国家人们对于时间提前安排和预约的传统文化 意识。
3•解读语法规则(Grammar focus),培养推断能力语言是信息的载体扎实的语言知识和语言能力不但要 求学生辨别字词、句法结构,还要求学生正确理解句与句之 间逻辑关系;同时还要求学生能运用阅读策略,推断文字背 后隐藏信息换言之,在阅读教学中应该培养学生通过分析 文本表面的语言信息,推断出作者要传递的内在含义如,Book 8的Unit 5中,有一则e-mail,其中有3句说明作者不能接受邀请的理由:On Monday I have to go to the doctor.On Tuesday I’ m going to the movie with my friends・On Wednesday I’ m studying for my physics test ・ And on Friday I am on vacation with my parents.教师让学生讨论:(1) What is the thing Tony is happy to do?(2) And what is the thing he is unhappy to do?(3) What is the thing Marie plans to do?引导学生通过分析Grammar focus:分别推断作者高兴 (be going to do sth.), 不高兴 (have to do sth), 或 计划要做的事(be doing sth):SI: He is happy to go to the movie・S2 : But he is unhappy to go to the doc tor. S3: He plans to study for his physics test.由此可见,教授语法不仅可以从规则着手,更可以从意 义着眼。
让学生从句子含义中推测其语法内在含义这种内 化语言结构,体验说话者意图,将语法在解读文本中让学生 去意会,是我们先前所没有过的尝试4. 解读功能意念(Notional function),提升情感态度 作者的情感态度是文本表层意义的深化它是英语语 音、单词短语和句法结构的深层含义这种含义有时夹杂在 字里行间(between the lines );有时隐藏在文章背后 (behind the lines)o需要读者由外及里、由表及内地深 入解读才能领悟在通常情况下,我们在接。
