东北地区湿润指数及其干湿界线的变化特征张淑杰.pdf
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»29 »3 ù2011 M5Äl¹ u j1.0的湿润气候区和降水量大于700 mm的区域分布基本一致,湿润指数小于0.5的区域大于降水量小于400 mm的区域,湿润指数在半干旱气候区变异系数较大,为25%～36%,半湿润和湿润气候区的变异系数较小;标准差的分布与变异系数有相反的趋势半干旱—半湿润和湿润—半湿润分界线倾向于东北西南走向,但各年代界线摆动幅度较大,出现整体移动趋势以1960年代界线为变化基准线,1980年代向西移,2001～2007年代的变化幅度最大,向东南移动明显,半干旱区扩大,湿润区缩小,东北地区有逐渐变干的趋势,进一步说明气候变干的进程加快,干旱范围扩大,程度加强1oM:湿润指数;干湿界线;变化特征;东北地区Ïms Ë|:S162.3 ÓDSM:A ÓcI|:1000-7601(2011)03-0226-07ê¹ uÊ¿ö oÏÚ¹ u,^ö1¥Ï! j800 >1.0A Î uHumidregion2 ²TÐs2.1 ê¹ u M Ü ( I Û¥ bWs#MÄs2.1.1 东北地区多年参考蒸散量的空间分布 Vm1 V[ A,ê¹ u M I Û Ü (´v 500～1100mmWMÄ,^¹ uWµs v,ï® 2_êïvhl¥ t]。
Ú´ us v 2,®´ us C~ 2^ m3¹{,+Y^¹ u,È MÄlÏ, I Û 1000mm[,î¹ê I ÛKv¥ u×C~^ê I ÛKl¥¹ u,Bî 600 mm[/,ê Üðv¹800～1000mm,ê ö uv¹600～700mm227»3 ù f~©:ê¹ uA η# ÄA¸L¥MÄ+m1 1961～2007 M M I Û Ü ( M9¥sFig.1 Distribution of mean annual referenceevapotranspiration in Northeast Chinafrom 1961～ 2007m2óê¹ u M I Û¥ï MMÄï M Æ ÜMÄ,Vm2 V Aê¹ u MI Ûï/ t],Ä10 ah4.4mm,V20W@60 M}90 M} I Û/ t]üA,Ä10 ah15.8 mm,2000 M[ªïA÷6,Ä10a9F111mm。
1961～1983 M M9 I Û'Ú¿47a Ü (´,1983～2000 M'®¿47a Ü (£ Ü,2000 M[ªÚ¿47a Ü (´,1993 M[ª Æ9´¹µ,2000 Mªµîí6,2007 M ÜÆ9´¹02.1.2 东北地区年参考蒸散量变化趋势的空间分布 Ù ,ê¹ u M Ü ( I Û98ï/¥ t], ¹ u¥MÄ t]ÐM](m3)d9²TVü,Í47a ê¹ u M Ü ( I Û64%¥_Äï/ t],36%¥_Äï6 t], Ï8%¥_Ä6 t]A÷,18%¥_Ä/t]A÷, Å¥_Ä t]A÷,Vü I ÛíA÷MÄ9Ø?C, aÔ ¹ u `_qK®, Vr20～36 mm/10a,/ t]9KüA7v õ 2 ê I Û¥6 t] üA,9Bî¹15～20 mm/10a。
m2 1961～ 2007 Mê¹ u M9 I Û(a)# Æ Ü(b)¥MÄ wLFig.2 Temporal evolution of the average annual reference evapotranspirationin Northeast China and its accumulativeanomaly from 1961～20072.2 ©ÄAs um4^ê47 a Ü ( ©ÄA{A ηsmA η>1.0¥A Î © u£v¿700mm¥ u×s'BÁ,ö1s aê ê;A η 0.5～1.0W¥öA Ω u,ö1s C~、 v av;A ηl¿0.5¥öÄl © uö1s ,s u×v¿£l¿400mm¥ u×,®N A öÄlöA Î © u¨£ ßN ©ÄA i µ,¨A η228 Äl¹ u j1.0¥A Î © u£v¿700mm¥ u×s'BÁ,ö1s a ê,¨A ηÉÄA ßN÷ Z4Bt。
3)ê¹ uA η öÄl © uMs" v,¹25%～36%,öA ÎA Î © u¥Ms" l;Sµ¥sÐMs"µMQ¥ t]A η98ï/¥ t],MÄ t]?3 ê¥öÄlöA Î © u#A Î © u¥vs¹ u,A η `_qµMÄv¿MÄ,ÉBªü ©MÄ¥ÉñF y,ÄlñF o,øS.V 45 MÏSÄA © u×MÄ+[J].Äl u¹ Ø,2007,31(1):7—15.[10] ¿L Ë, ,>½,©.ÏSd¹3ÿ bWÄ/ùî(I): `/ ©¥ bWÄ/oå[J].1 '÷Ð,2004,19(5):679—687.[11] )ê,>T,f. ITþ Û9ØZE# ßN[J]. 2 j Ü,©.ê¹ u±$s o ©MÄu×Y[J].¹ Ø SÐ,2003,23(5):564—570.Change characteristics of humid index and dry/wet climateboundary in Northeast ChinaZHANG Shu-jie1, ZHANG Yu-shu1＊, CHEN Peng-shi2, CAI Fu1, WU Jin-wen1, JI Rui-peng1(1.Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China;2.Liaoning Meteorological Bureau, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China)Abstract:Using basicdaily data of 124weather stations from1961～2007, basedon Penman-Monteithmethod,reference evapotranspiration(RE)andHI are calculated aswell as theirs trends and changes of borderlineinthewet anddry climate zone are studied.The results show that RE rangesfrom 500～1000mmandis distributedwith largevalueinthe southwesternpart and small value inthe northeasternpart of Northeast China.Annual REwhichis decreasing espe-cially from 1960s～1990s and increasing significantly after 2000, demonstrates uptrend in 1/3 zone and downtrend in2/3 zone interms of spatial distribution.Humid climatic regionwhereHI is larger than 1.0 is basically consistent withwhere precipitation is greaterthan700mm.The areaof regionwhereHI is smallerthan0.5is largerthanwhere precipi-tation is less than400mm.The coefficient of variationof HIwithrangefrom 25%～36%is largerin semi-arid climaticregion and is smallerinsemi-humidandhumidclimaticregion.Withdecreasingin themassHI, semi-arid, semi-humidandthegreat mass humid climatic regionswhere positive amplitude of variation of climate tendency of HI is larger thanthe negative are running dry.The boundary between semi-arid/semi-humid andhumid/semi-humidrunns from northeastto southwest swingswildly and shows a trendof monolithic translation.At the basic lineof 1960s' boundary, the 1980sboundary move westward and the boundary 。
