
179编号must和have to用法比较讲解.pdf
2页must 和 have to 用法比较讲解 (1) must 表示 “必须”, “应该” 否定式 must not(mustnt)表示 “不应该”, “不许可”, “不准”,“禁止” 等 在回答带有 must 的问句时, 否定式常用 need not(neednt)或 dont have to 表示“不必”,而不用 must not (mustnt) The work must be finished as soon as possible.这件工作必须尽快完成 You mustnt speak like that.你不能那样说话 Must I be home before eight oclock? 8 点之前我必须回家吗? Yes, you must./No, you neednt./No, you dont have to. 是的,必须回家/ 不,不必了 (2)must 表推测, 一般只用于肯定句中,译成汉语“一定”,“必定” There must be some mistakes.肯定有一些错误 You must be very tired.你一定很累了 如果表示对过去事情的推测,就用must+完成时。
You must have left your umbrella in the theatre.你一定把雨伞丢在剧院里了 His car is still here. He must have gone by bus.他的车还在这里, 他一定乘公 共汽车走了 当 must 表推测之意时,其否定形式常用 can not 而不用 must not He cant have been to your home. He doesnt know your address.他不可能到过 你家,因为他不知道你的住址 What can he be doing at this time of night?夜晚都到这个时候了,他究竟在干 什么呢? (3)must 表必然性 You must catch cold if you dont put on more clothes.如果你不多穿些衣服, 必 然感冒 All men must die.人固有一死 Truth must be out.真相总会大白 (4) have to 表示 “必须”, “不得不”, 在这个意义上与 must 很接近, 但 must 表示的是说话人的主观看法,而 have to 表示的却是客观需要。
I have to go now.我得走了客观需要) I must go now.我必须走主观看法) You have to work hard to make a living.为了谋生你就得努力工作 (客观需要) You must do what I tell you.你必须按照我告诉你的去做主观要求) (5)have to 有更多的时态形式:现在时,过去时,将来时等,而 must 只有现 在时形式 We had to be there at 8.我们得 8 点到那里 I shall have to go to school tomorrow.明天我得去上学了 (6)have to 不能代替表推测的 must,但在虚拟条件句中用 had had to+动词原 形表示与过去相反的情况 You must be joking.你一定是在开玩笑不能用 have to) If I had had to do the work, I should have done it in a different way.如果我 不得不做这项工作,我会以不同的方式去做不能用 must) If I had had to run the factory, I would have had it run by able men.如果我得 管理那家工厂的话,我就会让能人来管。
不能用 must) 。
