emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum and the terra-cotta warriors and horses museum(中英对照).doc

Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum秦始皇陵与兵马俑博物馆Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.秦始皇（公元前259-公元前210年），姓嬴名政，13岁受封为秦王，22岁掌权公元前221年，嬴吞并齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏六国，并建立中国历史上第一个封建帝国In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.公元前221年，嬴统一帝国并自封为帝，自称始皇帝——第一个皇帝。

他希望自己的后世沿称“二世皇帝” 、“三世皇帝”，以至万世传之无穷，以世袭自己的帝位自此以后，中国历代的最高统治者都沿用这一做法，自称皇帝After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.秦始皇灭六国之后，秦始皇废除分封制，采用郡县制。

他推出行同伦，书同文，车同轨，改币制，统一度量衡为抵御匈奴的侵扰，秦始皇下令修筑长城所有这些措施对消除割据，加强统一以及经济文化的发展都起到了积极的促进作用这些措施对中国2000多年的封建社会起到了深远的影响Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history “the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”秦始皇下令焚烧除有关秦朝历史和文化、卜筮和医药典籍之外的百家书籍。

因此，中国的古籍被焚毁殆尽此外，他还曾下令活埋460名术士这些事件被后世称为“焚书坑儒” Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.秦始皇为一己之乐，强征几十万刑徒大兴土木，在关中平原建造了七百多座宫殿这些宫殿绵延几百里秦始皇逐个在这些宫殿中寻欢作乐通常没人知道他陵墓中的具体藏宝位置Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could only be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.秦始皇陵尚未被发掘。

陵墓里面的具体状况只有到它被发掘之后才能知道但从秦始皇陵墓东侧已经发掘的三个秦始皇兵马俑坑看来，人们便能想象到秦始皇陵墓是有多么宏伟华丽No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.1号坑是在1974年一位临潼县晏寨乡西杨村的村民离陵墓东侧1.5米的地方挖口井时，被偶然发现的。

1976年，在1号坑北侧20米处，2号坑和3号坑经过科学钻探之后相继被发现这些兵马俑按照秦朝时的战斗队形排列，象征着戍卫秦始皇陵的军队这一发现，吸引了国内外众多的关注1975年，国务院决定，在1号俑坑原址上，建立一座占地面积16300亩的博物馆1979年10月1日秦始皇博物馆开始想公众开放No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of t。