生理学双语课件 第七章 能量代谢与体温.ppt

Chapter 7,,ENERGY METABOLISM & BODY TEMPERATURE,§ 1. Energy metabolism  Introduction & definition Substantial metabolism Assimilation metabolism Dissimilation metabolism (catabolism) Energy metabolism,,,,,, Energy sources anaerobic glycolysis yields 2 mol ATP Fat: 1 mol 6C fatty acid yield 44 mol ATP Protein: rarely used as energy donator,,,* Energy transfer & utilization More than 50% transfer to heat, Less than 50% store in the ATP & CP Utilization: synthesis & growth never conduction muscular contraction glandular secretion active absorption etc.,,,,Energy source, reserve, transfer & utilization,,, Measuring the metabolic rate * Direct calorimetry * Indirect calorimetry Principle: The law of constant proportions Several related concepts Thermal equivalent of food Thermal equivalent of oxygen Respiratory quotient (RQ) Classical & simple measurement O2 consumption & CO2 production measuring Closed & opened measurement,,,Thermal equivalent, Thermal equivalent of oxygen & Respiratory quotient (RQ) of 3 main nutritional substances,,,,,Direct calorimetry,,,Indirect calorimetry,,, Factors affecting energy metabolism Exercises Concept of oxygen debt Nervous Thinking peacefully & anxious Food specific dynamic effect Environmental temperature Others: age, sex, circadian rhythm, hormones, diseases, etc.,,, Basal metabolism & Basal metabolic Rate (BMR) * Definition & Law of body surface area * Under what condition BMR can be measured? In the Early morning Arousal condition Lie down peacefully with no exercises No nervous Have a good sleep last night Fasting for over 12 h Room temperature at 20~25 ℃,,,* Measurement NPRQ=0.82; NPTEO=20.18 kJ/L; BMR=20.18 kJ/LVo2/(m2·h) or MV: measuring volume; SV: standard volume * Physiological variation & clinical significances Physiological variation: age, sex, metabolic level Clinical significances: assistant to diagnosis of some diseases, especially for thyroid dysfunction,,,Clinical significance of BMR,,,§ 2. Body temperature & its regulation  Normal temperature (about 37℃) * Core & shell temperature * Definition of body temperature in physiology * Measurement: oral cavity, rectum, axilla, etc.  Physiological variation of the body temperature Circadian rhythm (biorhythm & biological clock), Sex, Age, Emotion & Exercises, Influences of season & district  Skin temperature & mean skin temperature,,,Distribution of human body temperature in different environment temperature,,, Thermogenesis & thermolysis * Thermogenesis & its regulation Basal metabolism, Food specific dynamic effect, Muscular motility, Shivering & non-shivering thermogenesis Regulation: Thyroid & other hormones Sympathetic nerve, NA & A * Thermolyesis & its regulation Radiation, Conduction & Convection Insensible perspiration & Sweating Regulation: Secretion of sweat Skin circulation,,, Regulation of body temperature * Thermoceptor Periphery: Cold & warm receptor Distribute in the skin, mucosa & viscus Center: Cold- & warm-sensitive neurons Distribute in the spinal cord, reticular formation of brain stem, hypothalamus, etc., especially in the PO/AH * Regulatory center: PO/AH * Theory of set point,,,Autonomic control in body temperature regulation,,,Discharge frequency of hermal sensitive neurons-temperature in local barin curve,。