十大意外发明.doc

肆无心插柳柳成荫：十大意外发明 （组图）羂 俗话说有心栽花花不成、无心插柳柳成荫，这句话用到科学发明上也有相应的例子！本文为你总结了科学界十个经典的“意外”发明 个个都是在无意识的情况下， 促成了伟大的发明！虿青霉素的发现袇 The Prin ciple of Limited Slopp in ess is a phrase used to describe fortuitousor accidental discoveries (we' re talking screwups) that actu ally helped humankind. The best-known example was by Alexander Fleming. Halfway through an experiment with bacteria, he up and went on vacation. Slob that he was, he left a dirty petri dishin the lab sink. When he got back, he found bacteria had grow n all over the plate,except in an area where mold had formed. That discovery led to two things: 1)peni cilli n and 2) Mrs. Flem ing hiri ng a maid 。

祎 所谓“有限马虎原则”指的是那些最后对人类有实在好处的偶然或意外的发现 （实际这些发现一开始就是被搞砸了 ）最有名的例子来自亚历山大弗雷名，他把细菌试验做到一 半就跑去度假了而马虎如他， 把一个脏培养皿丢在实验室的水池里 等他回来，他发现细菌已经长满了整个培养皿，除了一小块有霉菌的地方没有这个发现导致了两个后果： 1.青霉素的发明；2.弗雷名太太雇了一个女佣肃白兰地的发明肁 Inven tor: A Dutch shipmasterWhat Happe ned: He used heat to concen trate wine in order to make it easier to transport, with the idea of adding water to reconstitute it when he arrived袁 Big Discovery: Concen trated wi ne is better tha n watered-dow n wine 腿 As a result: "Bur nt win e," or "bra ndewij n" in Dutch, became a big hit. Callit brandy, since after a few drinks of the stuff, there ' s no way you can pronounce brandewijn so a bartender can understand what you ' re ordering 。

蚆 发明者：一个荷兰船长肃 时间：16世纪袂 事情发生的经过：为了让红酒更方便运输，船长加热红酒使其浓缩，到了目的地之后再加水稀释它芈 大发现：浓缩后的红酒比用水稀释的好喝膅 结果：在荷兰，"烧着的红酒”或者"brandewijn ”变的大受欢迎而几杯酒下肚之后，很明显你就发不清“ brandewijn ”这种音 所以为了让酒吧吧员知道你在点什么， 人们简称这种酒为"brandy ”，也就是如今大名鼎鼎的白兰地螃麻醉剂的发明羄 Inven tor: Horace Wells衿 What Happened: In its salad days, nitrous oxide was strictly a party toy, since it made people howl like hye na. But a friend of the den tist took too much of thestuff at a laugh in g-gas stage show and gashed his leg 薄 Big Discovery: The friend hadn ' t realized he ' d hurt himself 。

螁 As a result: Nitrous oxide became an early form of an esthesia 螈发明者：豪斯威尔芈 时间：1844年芄 事情发生的经过：在一氧化氮 （又称笑气）使用初期，它是标准的派对玩意儿因为人们吸了它就会像土狼一样乱嚎 直到某次，一个牙医的朋友吸了太多， 而他划伤了自己的脚螂 大发现：这位脚受伤的仁兄根本不觉得痛賺 结果：笑气因而变成麻醉剂的早期形式蚈糖精的发现肄 Inven tors: Con sta ntin Fahlberg and Ira Remse n艿 What Happened: After spending the day studying coal tar derivatives, Fahlbergleft his Joh ns Hopk ins laboratory and went to dinner 肇 Big Discovery: Someth ing he ate tasted particularly sweet, which he tracedto a chemical compo und he'd spilled on his hand. Best of all, it turned out to becalorie-free 。

螅 As a result: He cut Remse n and the uni versity out of millio ns of dollars whe n he secretly pate nted the breakthrough discovery, sacchari n蚁 发明者：康斯坦丁法堡和伊拉雷森蚂 时间：1879年薆 事情发生的经过：在研究了一整天的煤矿衍生物之后，法堡离开他约翰霍金大学的实验室回家吃晚饭薅 大发现：他吃到了某种特别甜的东西 （明显不是晚饭本身），于是他追溯到了自己手上沾到的某种化学成分（沪江小编注：糖精，从煤焦油中提取的物质而且最棒的是，这种糖 精完全没有热量螂 结果：法堡摒弃了伊拉（指导他完成论文的导师）和所在大学，偷偷申请了糖精的专利……螀橡皮泥的发明Year: 1943silic one oil and boric acid in an attempt to find a cheap alter native to rubber fortank treads, boots, etc 袈 Big Discovery: It did n't work. But the scie ntists had a blast bouncing andstretchi ng his mistake, whe n they were n't using it to tran sfer comics onto paper虿 As a result: Kids had a blast playi ng with the Silly Putty too 。

羆 发明者：詹姆斯怀特薁 时间：1943年芁 事情发生的经过：在战时，通用的工程师将硅油和硼酸混合、 试图制造出能用于坦克、靴子的橡胶肇 大发现：他的尝试没有成功，但科学家们重新设计和延伸了这项发明螆 结果：孩子们开始普遍地玩橡皮泥蚃口香糖的发明tree, as a substitute for rubber. After mounting failures, the dejected inven torpopped a piece into his mouth 蚄 Big Discovery: He liked it!蚁 As a result: Adams New York No. 1 became the first mass-produced chew ing gum in the world. 口香糖羇 发明者：汤马斯亚当羃 时间：1870年蒁 事情发生的经过：他在用 chicle，一种南美洲的树液做实验，以寻找橡胶的替代物在无数次失败后，这个郁闷的发明家干脆丢了一块到嘴里！袀 大发现：他居然喜欢！莇 结果：亚当纽约一号成为了世界上第一个大批量生产的口香糖！螃微波炉的发明薃 Inven tor: Percy Spe ncerthe microwaves for radar systems.for other uses for the mag netro n, which gen eratedbar in his pocketWhile Spencer was standing next to the device one day, a chocolatemelted。

蒄 Big Discovery: The mag netron worked eve n better on popcor n薄 As a result: Orville Rede nbacher became very rich芁 发明者：帕西斯宾塞膅 时间：1946年膄 事情发生的经过：二战结束之际，雷声公司的工程师想为磁控管寻找新买家磁控管在二战中用以给雷达系统提供微电波 当斯宾塞某天站在设备旁， 他发现他口袋里的一条巧克力融化了莁 大发现：磁控管被用以制造微波炉，用它来做爆米花效果更好!葿 结果：Orville Rede nbacher（ 美国著名爆米花品牌）变得很富有!衿合成染料的发明螁 What Happe ned: He was intent on discoveri ng a cure for one of the deadliest diseases in the world, malaria 莈 Big Discovery: While trying to replicate the malaria fighter quinine in hislaboratory, Perk in in adverte ntly discovered the color mauve in stead蚅 As a result: Perkin forgot about malaria and made a mint establish ing the syn thetic dye in dustry 。

芀 发明者：威廉帕金袀 时间：1856年螇 事情发生的经过：他本来是试图制造疟疾药奎宁的……（沪江小蒅 大发现：当他把制造奎宁的原料放入反应锅中，竟意外地发现了一种淡紫色编：世界上第一种人工合成、非天然的颜色 ）节 结果：帕金由此忘记了疟疾，转而发展合成染料工业肇肉毒杆菌在美容上的应用腿 Inven tors: Alastair and Jea n Carruthers莃 What Happe ned: The couple were using small doses of。