正话反说反话正说课件.ppt

Affirmative vs. Negative 正话反说与反话正说,一、教学重点： 1. 英译汉的正反交替 2. 否定的陷阱 二、教学内容： 1. 英汉翻译中的正反交替 2. 汉英翻译中的正反交替,Lead-in,香港的公共汽车上有一句英文： Please tender exact fare. 恕不找赎/ 恕不找零Lead-in,在公示语的翻译中，要避免生硬 如果把“禁止”翻译成 “Dont”口气就比较生硬，不委婉如“Dont pick the flowers.”（禁止摘花）； “Dont throw something out of the train.”（禁止往车窗外扔东西）； “Dont tread on the lawn.”（禁止践踏草坪）； “Dont make noise.”（禁止喧哗）等 当然这些句子无论是在语法上还是意思上都是正确的，但是语气显得很重，给人一种距离感公示语不用Dont照样能达到预期效果,英语是一种强调委婉的语言，在公园这样的地方一般不使用Dont这样生硬的词如 “禁止摘花”可以译为“Keep away from the flowers , please . ”或者“Take care of the flowers, please.”这两句表达的是一个意思，但让人读了很舒服，使人不自觉地生出一种爱花的心情，把爱花当成是自己应尽的义务，跟竖牌子人的心情相一致。

Take care of 带有拟人色彩，将花看成是一个baby(孩子), 要人们像爱护和关心baby一样去爱护花木如此, 这个牌子的目的便达到了 “禁止喧哗”可以译为Quiet, please.此外有些公共场所的提示语在英语中有其固定的用法如 “No spitting” （禁止吐痰）， “No smoking” （禁止吸烟）等等，但No与Dont不一样，它更多地用在中性语境中我们见到“不许动”，脑海中立即闪现Dont move, 而事实上外国警察所说的却是Freeze，或者Hold it见到“动我就打死你”自然想到If you move, Ill shoot you.，而外国警察常说的却是 Move and you are dead, man.所以，我们应该掌握外国警察在类似情况下会怎样表达，而不是按照自己的表达习惯，用英文词把它说出来，虽然有时也可达意，但毕竟不是地道的英语Differences in syntax in Chinese and in English decide that the ways of affirmations and negations are made vary greatly in the two languages. Put it this way: the way a British person says NO can sometimes be shockingly different from the way we put it. A typical example is when somebody pays you a compliment, and out of modesty, you would say “不，不；别这样说。

Suppose you have to say, “No, no. dont say like this”; or “Thank you. You are so kind.” If you opt for the first answer, the other person will probably feel offended unless he is a person with a great sense of humor. Of course, this example perhaps illustrated the cultural difference more than the language difference. Nevertheless it serves as a good example that we should be careful with the way we say YES and NO in a language different from our own.,Warm-up Activity,请翻译下面的句子： Suddenly he heard a sound behind him and realized he was not alone in the garage. Haste makes waste. Appearances are deceptive.,还有别人,有欺骗性/靠不住/不可靠,Negative Words 2) Semi negatives : hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little, etc; 3) Partial negatives : not every, not all, not both, not much, not many, not always, etc. 4) Words with negative implication: fail, without, beyond, until, unless, lest, ignorant, refrain, refuse, neglect, absence, instead of, other than, except, rather than, etc.,,不、非、无、没有、未、否等字,汉语中的否定词,Foreword,人们在叙述同一事物或表达同一思想时，可以正说，也可以反说。

在英汉两种语言中，这一现象均存在因此，在翻译的时候，正反相互转换的现象很常见，要根据目的语的习惯，选择恰当的表达法转换的原因,1. 汉英两种语言的习惯用法不同 2. 为了加强语气 3. 为了更加准确,汉英两种语言的习惯用法不同,1. 油漆未干 2. 男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处 3.如果没有他的鼓励，我不会及格的Wet paint. Men only weep when deeply hurt. But for his encouragement, I would have failed.,为了加强语气,我们讨论问题时，不能忘记这些基本观点 These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion.,为了更加准确,他上个学期一直是全勤 He has never missed a single lecture last semester.,I. Affirmative in English but Negative in Chinese一、英语从正面表达，汉语从反面表达,动词：fail, miss, lack, ignore, refuse, withhold, refrain, neglect, deny, overlook, exclude, etc.,1. The first bombs missed the target.,第一批炸弹没有击中目标。

2. To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. 3. He refused to take the money. 4. We will live up to the expectations of our parents.,让我们失望的是他不顾大局 他不愿接受那笔钱 我们决不辜负父母对我们的期望名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, exclusion,1. His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. 2. We are in complete ignorance of his plan.,他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸 我们完全不知道他的计划形容词：few, little, free from, far from, short of, etc.,1. There are few grammatical mistakes in his composition. 2. The troops are short of supplies. 3. His refusal is final. 4. The explanation is pretty thin.,他的作文中几乎没有语法错误。

部队给养不足 他的拒绝是不可改变的 这个解释是相当不充分的副词：otherwise, little, tooto, seldom, hardly, barely, rarely, scarcely, etc.,1. We may safely say so. 2. His attempts proved predictably futile. 3. He evidently thinks otherwise. 4. Hardly anybody likes him.,我们这么说万无一失/错不了 不出所料，他的努力白费了 他显然有不同的想法 几乎谁也不喜欢他介词：without, above, except, beyond, instead of, out of, etc.,1. This problem is above me. 2. I want a pencil instead of a pen. 3. It was beyond his power to stay here.,这问题我不懂/解决不了 我要铅笔，不要钢笔 他无权呆在这儿连词：unless, before, until, or, etc.,1. He will die of hunger before he steals. 2. Hurry up, or you will be late. 3. I will not go unless you tell me.,他宁愿饿死，也不愿行窃。

不然/否则 你不告诉我，我就不走句子,He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. 他七十五岁了，可是并不显老I. Negative in English but Affirmative in Chinese二、英语从反面表达, 汉语从正面表达,1. I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded. 2. Now you can unfasten the safety belt.,动词,一天，我和他乘车转了转，看看穿如何卸货 现在你可以解开安全带了副词,He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.,他马马虎虎地看看字条就走了The Soviet Union was unprecedentedly engaged in a missile-building program.,苏联正以空前/前所未有的规模推行导弹制造计划形容词,1. The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanation. 2. He is an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.,虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。

他这个人优柔寡断，总是反复无常名词,It was said that someone had sown discord 。