正反反正译法资料.ppt

汉英翻译技巧,正反反正译法,一、正反反正表达法 （一）、汉英两种语言的习惯用法不同 （二）、为了加强语气以便获得较好的修辞效果 （三）、为了更加确切地表达原文含义 二、英语中含否定语气的词语 （一）英语中含有全部否定语气的词 (二) 英语中含有半否定语气的词,,人们在叙述同一事物或表达同一思想时，可以正说，也可以反说汉语如此，英语也如此在翻译时，对原文某个词语或句子，在译文中既可采用正说，也可采用反说例如：,（1）他是外乡人 He is a stranger here. He is not a native. (2) 那个房间的窗门总是关着的 The window of that room were always closed. The window of that room were never open.,(3) 我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的希望 We must never be unworthy of the expectations of our people. We will live up to the expectations of our people. (4) 他的解释不能让人满意。

His explanation is far from satisfactory. (5) 他虽然贫穷，但无论如何也不会说谎 Poor as he was, he was above telling a lie in any case.,汉译英中，正说与反说互相转换的现象很多，转换的原因主要有下列三种：,(一）汉英两种语言的习惯用法不同 （1）油漆未干 Wet Paint 这是一句招贴用语搭配“油漆”一词，汉语习惯用“未干”，而英语却习惯用wet搭配paint用意相同，表达各异如果汉语说成“湿的油漆”，英语说成Paint Not Dry，就都不合乎各自的习惯用法了 （2）请勿大声喧哗 Keep quiet.,(3) 在收据尚未签字以前不得付款 Before the receipt has been signed, the money must not be paid. 按照汉语的习惯可以说“在……没有……以前”，但是这种说法在英语中不合乎习惯，上面句子如果译成“Before the receipt has not been signed”就使人无法理解了4）俗话说，“男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处”嘛。

As the saying goes, “Men only weep when deeply hurt.” 此句也可按反说译出为： As the saying goes, “Men never weep unless and until deeply hurt.” (5) 如果没有他的帮助，我早就失败了 But for his help, I should have failed. .,,（二）为了加强语气以便获得较好的修辞效果 （1）解放区的巩固工作仍应注意 Meanwhile, the consolidation of the Liberated Areas must not be neglected. (2) 这个惨痛的历史教训，我们全党同志一定要永远记取，引以为戒 No comrade in the Party must ever forget this bitter lesson and we must all take warning from it. (3) 我们讨论问题时，不能忘记这些基本观点 These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion.,,(三）为了更加确切地表达原文含义 (1)任务还没有完成…… We have yet to finish the task… 根据上下文，“还没有完成”暗含着“还有待于完成”之意。

(2)王同志这几年一直是全勤 Comrade Wang has never missed a day’s work for years. （3）我找老王说句话，马上就回来 Just to have a word with Old Wang, I won’t be long!,从以上译例中，我们可以看出，在汉译英时，为了正确处理正说和反说的转换，可以灵活地变换句型，也可以利用反义词此外，英语中有许多含有否定或半否定语气的词语，在翻译中可充分利用，以便使译文符合英语习惯，并使句子结构多样化二、英语中含否定语气的词语有： （一）英语中含有全部否定语气的词 1、动词：fail, miss, lack, ignore, refuse, withhold, refrain(from), neglect, deny, overlook, exclude等等例如： （1）使我们失望的是他不顾大局 To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. (2) 他上火车站去接他的朋友，可是未能在人群中见到他。

He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd.,(3) 他不愿接受那笔款子 He refused to take the money.,,2. 名词： absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion等等，例如： （1）他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸 His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. (2) 我们完全不知道他的计划 We are in complete ignorance of his plan.,,3.形容词和形容词短语：few, little, free from, far from, safe from, short of 等等例如： （1） 这次演出根本没有失败，而是十分成功 The show was far from being a failure; it was a great success. (2) 他的作文中几乎没有语法错误。

There are few grammatical mistakes in his composition.,,4. 副词和副词短语： little, otherwise, too…to等等例如： （1） 他显然有不同的想法 He evidently thinks otherwise. (2) 我根本不知道他会遇到什么麻烦 I little knew what trouble he was going to have. (3) 他兴奋得说不出话来 He was too excited to speak.,,5. 连词：unless, before, until, （rather）than, or 等等例如： (1) 他宁愿饿死，不愿行窃 He will die of hunger before he steals. (2) 部队宁可绕道走，也不踩庄稼 The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops. (3) 快一点，否则你就要迟到了 Hurry up, or you’ll be late.,：,6. 介词和介词短语：without, above, except, beyond, instead of , in place of , out of 等等。

例如 （1） 社会主义无疑比资本主义优越 Socialism is beyond doubt superior to capitalism. (2) 要不是你帮忙，那件任务我是无法按时完成的 Without your help, I could not have fulfilled the task on time. (3) 我要铅笔，不要钢笔 I want a pencil instead of a pen.,,(二) 英语中含有半否定语气的词有 Seldom, hardly, barely, scarcely, rarely 等例如： （1）工作没有经验，出点差错，几乎是不可避免的 Slips are scarcely avoidable when you’re new to your work. (2) 他太自私了，几乎谁也不喜欢他 Hardly anybody likes him, because he is too selfish. (3) 我最近不常见他 I have seen him very seldom recently.,练习题,1. 他又不出声了 2. 罗先生嫌这儿不静。

3. 日子很快过去了，她做工却丝毫没有松懈 4. 他不在，我感到很寂寞 5. 按照人民的方针是不要打内战的 6. 我很高兴看见你安然无恙 7. 他们的供应不足，冬季又将来临 8. 他不自然地咳了起来 9. 他早晨来看我的时候，我还没有起床10. 他只顾自己，不顾别人，使得大家都很生气 11. 她没有同伴，只一个人坐在车厢一角动也不动 12．是重力使我们不至于从地球上抛出去 13. 他下意识地举起手来搔他的头顶 14. 返回祖国的念头始终萦绕在他们心中 15. 只要他没有病倒，他是不会不来的 16. 她只觉得头晕眼花，辨不出路径 17. ——“她不知道吧？”——“就是，她不知道 18. 一遇到机会，他总是要发表一通议论 19. 他的暗示没有引起我的注意 20. 你恐怕弄错了Again he lapsed into silence. Mr. Luo didn’t like the noise here. The days passed quickly, but she worked as hard as ever. In his absence, I felt very lonely. The policy of the people is against civil war. I am glad to see you safe and sound. Their supply line was thin and winter was coming on. He coughed with embarrassment. When you called me this morning, I was still in bed. His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present.,Travelling alone, she was sitting still in the corner of the carriage. It is gravity that keeps us from falling off the earth. He unconsciously raised his hand to scratch his head. The thought of returning to his motherland never deserted him. He’ll certainly come unless he is ill. She felt too dizzy to remember the way she had come. ----“He doesn’t’ know it, does he ？”-----“no, he doesn’t.” He was 。