定语从句中关系代词的用法.doc

定语从句中关系代词的用法在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词（定语从句所修饰 的词）之后定语从句由关系词来引导，关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分关系代词有 that，which，who， whom，whose，as 等；关系副词有 when，where，why 等关系词通常有下列三个作用：1）引导定语从句；2）代替先行词；3）在定语从句中担当一个成分如： The car which my unele had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake ．句中 which my uncle had just bought 是定语从句，修饰先行词the car； which是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the car，在定语从句中作宾语表一：关系代词的用法关系代词指代对象及在 从句中所作的 成分使用要点例句that即指人又指物； 作主语或宾语（作宾语时可 省略）只用于限制性定语从 句中，介词后面不能 跟 that当代替物时，可以与 which通用Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress thatI gave her.昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。

I have a friend that likes listening to classical music. 我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐which指物；作主语或 宾语（作宾语时 可省略）在非限定性定语从句 中，只宜用which,不 能用that.在限定性定 语从句中，可用在介 词之后My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房子里who,whom指人；作主语或 宾语（whom常 可省略）先行词必须为人Who可代替在从句中 担任宾语的whom,若 前有介词，须用whomA couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV.“A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中的人 The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army.我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了whose既指人又指物； 作定语是代词的所有格， 代物时，相当于of which oThe room whose window faces south is mine.那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。

注意：whose指物时，常用of which结构来代替 如：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.表二：用 which 不用 that 的情况①which可以引导非限制 性定语从句，that不能He had failed in the maths exam， which made his father very angry.他数学考试没及格，这使他父亲很生气②which可以用在介词 后，that 不可That is the house in which Mark Twain used to live. 那是马克•吐温过去住的房子③一个句子中若有两个 定语从句，一个用that 引导另一个不能再用He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.that，而用 which o他买了一本既可以丰富他的英语知识又可以消磨时 间的美国杂志。

表三：只用that不用which的情况（先行词是物）①当先行词是不定代词如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything 等时I have said all that I want to say 我想说的都说了②当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very, the only 修饰时This is the very book that I want to buy . 这正是我想要买的书③当先行词被 all, little, much, some, any,no,every 等不定代词修饰时There is little work that you can do 几乎没有你能做的工作④当先行词由人、物等表示并列的词构成时They talked about the men and the things that they saw 他们谈到了所见的人和事⑤当主句是以which或who开头的特 殊疑问句时Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night? 他昨晚住的是哪家旅馆？⑥当关系词在从句中作表语时，用 that,而且常省略。

如：China isn't the country(that)it used to be. 中国不再是以前的中国了⑦当主句是以there is. here is. it is开 头时用that不用which.There is a table in the corner that is folded away 有一张桌子被折叠放在角落里表四：关于 as 引导的定语从句as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语 从句和 the same...as..., such...as... 结构中This is the same knife as I lost yesterday. 这把刀子和我昨天丢的那把是一样的Don't talk about such things as you don't understand. 不要谈论你不懂的事情which和as都可以引导非限制性定语从 句，as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放 在主句之前，也可放在主句之后甚至可 以分割主句which引导的非限性定语从 句只能放在主句之后另外，as常有“正 如” “正像”的含义China is a developing country, as is known to all. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。

John. as you know, is a writer. 正如你所知，约翰是个作家He was very rude to the customs officer, which of course made things even worse.他对海关官员非常无礼，这当然使事情更糟糕了such后可接as引导的定语从句，也可接 that引导的结果状语从句We hope to get such a tool as he is using.（as在从句作宾语）我们希望得到一件正像他在使用的工具定 语从句）We hope to get such a tool that we can doour work better with it. （that在从句中不作成分）我们希望得到这样一件工具以至于 我们能更好地工作结果状语从句）the same. as 与 the same. that 弓丨导的定 语从句的区别：前者修饰的是与原物相似的东西；而后 者修饰的就是先行词所指的东西This is the same watch as I lost.这和我丢的那只手表一样不是同一只）This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢失的那只手表。

同一只）2•有时候当先行词是表示时间、地点的词时，却不用when / where而用that / which引导这时要根 据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的如果是及物的就可用that（which）,否则可用where例如： I will remember the days that/ which we spent together．我会永远记住我们一起度过的日子This is the factory that／which you visited yesterday． 这就足你昨天参观的工厂3．way 作先行词时，关系代词的使用：I don't like the way（that／ in which）he treats his parents． 我不喜欢他对待父母的方式4. that 引导定语从句与名词性从句的不同：The news that he told us is true.（定语从句） 他告诉我们的新闻是真的The news that our team has won is encouraging. （同位语从句） 我们队胜利的消息真令人振奋That he has won the first prize surprised everybody. （主语从句） 他获得一等奖的消息令每一个人都惊奇了。

My idea is that you shut the factory. （表语从句） 我的观点就是你应该关闭这家工厂He said that he was going to leave. （宾语从句） 他说他打算离开这里。