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高考英语二轮复习课件:专题5 情态动词和虚拟语气.ppt

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    • 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习专题专题五 情五 情态动词态动词和虚和虚拟语拟语气气 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习一、几一、几组组情情态动词态动词的区的区别别1..can 和和 be able tocan 与与 be able to 都可以表示能力都可以表示能力,,但两者在用法上有点差异:但两者在用法上有点差异:can(could) 表示主表示主观观能力能力,,不表示意愿;不表示意愿;be able to 表示主表示主观观意愿意愿,,强强调调要克服困要克服困难难去做某事去做某事它的将来它的将来时时用用will be able to例如:例如:My grandma is over seventy,,but she can still read without glasses.He is able to give up his bad habits. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习2..must 和和 have tomust 和和 have to 都可以表示都可以表示“必必须须”,,但有几点区但有几点区别别::(1)must 强强调调“内在的内在的职责职责”、、“义务义务”,,而而 have to 强强调调“外界外界压压力力”、、“不得已而不得已而为为之之”。

      2)have to 可用于多种可用于多种时态时态,,而而 must 一般用于一般用于现现在在时时,,其其过过去去时时与将来与将来时时分分别别由由 had to 与与 shall/will have to 代替代替 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习(3)在回答在回答 must 引起的引起的问题时问题时,,如果是否定的答复如果是否定的答复,,不能用不能用 mustn't,,而要用而要用 needn't 或或 don't have to,,因因为为 mustn't 是是“一定不要一定不要”、、“一定不能一定不能”、、“禁止禁止”的意思的意思例如:例如:1)You must come to the classroom before eight.2)It is raining hard outside,,but I have to leave now.3)“Must we do it now??”“No,,you needn't.” 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习3..used to++do,,be used to++doing 和和 be used to++do(1)used to++do意意为为“过过去常常做某事去常常做某事”,,“过过去一直做某事去一直做某事”;;be used to++v. ing/n.意意为为“习惯习惯于于”;;be used to++do 意意为为“被被用来做某事用来做某事”。

      2)used to 只表示只表示过过去去,,而而 be used to++v. ing/n.可表示可表示现现在在、、过过去或将来去或将来例如:例如:1)He used to smoke.Now he doesn't.2)He's quite used to hard work/working hard.3)The knife is used to cut bread. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习4..can't 与与 mustn'tcan't 表示表示“不能不能”,,是指无能力;是指无能力;mustn't 表示表示“不能不能”,,指的指的是是“禁止禁止,,不允不允许许”在口在口语语里里,,can't 也可表示也可表示“禁止禁止,,不允不允许许”,,但但语语气不如气不如 mustn't 强强例如:例如:He is so young that he can't go to school.There's a meeting inside.You mustn't make any noise. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习5..can 和和 may考考试试中主要中主要测试测试 can,,may 或或 could,,might,,表示可能性的表示可能性的区区别别及及对对 may 构成的疑构成的疑问问句的回答句的回答。

      1)can,,could,,may,,might 都可以表示可能性都可以表示可能性can,,could 表示潜在的可能性或理表示潜在的可能性或理论论上或上或逻辑逻辑判断上存在的可能判断上存在的可能性;而性;而 may,,might,,则则表示事表示事实实上的可能性上的可能性此外此外,,can,,could 还还有有“有能力有能力”的意思的意思,,而而may与与 might 不具有此意不具有此意例如:例如:According to the weather forecast,,it may rain tomorrow.Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习(2)May I/we...??这这一一类类疑疑问问句的肯定回答句的肯定回答为为 Yes,,please.或或 Certainly;否定回答;否定回答为为 Please don't.或或 No,,you mustn't.例例如:如:“May we leave now??”“No,,you mustn't.You haven't finished your homework yet.” 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习6..情情态动词态动词++动词动词完成式完成式情情态动词态动词++动词动词完成式即完成式即“情情态动词态动词++have++done”,,表示表示对对过过去的行去的行为为或或动动作作进进行推行推测测、、评论评论或判断或判断。

      1)must have donemust have done 表示表示对过对过去某事的肯定猜去某事的肯定猜测测其否定或疑其否定或疑问问形式都用形式都用 can(could)来表示来表示例如:例如:Since the road is wet,,it must have rained last night.He can't have missed the way.I drew him a map. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?当然当然对现对现在在发发生或将来生或将来发发生的事情生的事情,,要用要用 must do 表示猜表示猜测测,,否定式否定式为为 can't doHe must understand that we mean business.You must be hungry after a long walk. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习(2)may/might have donemay/might have done 表示推表示推测过测过去某事去某事“也也许许”发发生了生了,,may 比比 might 表示的可能性在表示的可能性在说话说话人看来稍大些人看来稍大些。

      例如:例如:I can't find my keys.I may/might have left them at the school yesterday.(3)could have done 在肯定句型中在肯定句型中,,往往表示委婉的批往往表示委婉的批评评本本可以做什么而没做;有可以做什么而没做;有时时也用作猜也用作猜测测You could have told us earlier.Tom could have taken the dictionary. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习(4)ought to/should have done和和ought not to/shouldn't have doneought to/should have done和和ought not to/shouldn't have done用于用于对对已已发发生的情况表示生的情况表示“责备责备”、、“不不满满”,,分分别别表示表示“本本应应该该……”和和“本不本不应该应该……”例如:例如:1)With all the work finished,,I should have gone to the party last night.2)You ought not to have made fun of him.He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习(5)needn't have doneneedn't have done 表示表示过过去做了某事去做了某事,,但没有做的必要但没有做的必要,,意意为为“本没必要本没必要……”。

      例如:例如:Yon needn't have waken me up; I don't have to go to work today.注:注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,程度而言,must 最大,最大,could 其次,其次,may 更次之,更次之,might 最最小例如:小例如:—I wonder how Tom knew about your past.—He must/could/may/might have heard of it from Mary. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习7..情情态动词态动词++动词进动词进行式行式情情态动词态动词+行+行为动词进为动词进行式行式(即情即情态动词态动词++be++doing),,表示表示推推测测或或评论评论某某动动作作现现在是否正在在是否正在进进行行例如:例如:(1)He must be playing basketball in the room.(2)She may be staying at home. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习二、几个情二、几个情态动词态动词使用的特定范使用的特定范围围1.表示推测时,.表示推测时,can 不能用在肯定句中不能用在肯定句中(但但 could 可以可以);;may 和和 might 不能用在疑不能用在疑问问句中句中。

      例如:例如:Peter may come with us tonight,,but he isn‘t very sure yet.Can it be a sunny day tomorrow?2..作作为为情情态动词态动词,,need 和和 dare 不能用在肯定句中不能用在肯定句中(条件状条件状语语从句除外从句除外)肯定句中肯定句中,,须须把它把它们们用作用作实义动词实义动词,,后接后接带带 to 的不定式的不定式例如:例如: 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习【【误误】】We need hold a meeting to discuss the matter.【【正正】】We need to hold a meeting to discuss the matter.【【正正】】If you need hold a meeting to discuss the matter, I'll give you a help.3..在回答由在回答由 could 和和 might 引起的表示引起的表示请请示的一般疑示的一般疑问问句句时时,,不能用不能用 could 和和 might (应应分分别别用用 can 和和 may)回答回答。

      例如:例如:—Could I borrow your dictionary?—Yes,,of course you can. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习三、一些三、一些“形形义义不一致不一致”的的现现象象1.过去式.过去式 could 或或 might 后接动词原形可以表示对现在或将后接动词原形可以表示对现在或将来来(不是对过去不是对过去)的推测例如:的推测例如:I'm afraid it might snow tonight.2..may (not) 和和 can't 后接完成时态,表示对过去后接完成时态,表示对过去(不是对现不是对现在或将来在或将来)的推测例如:的推测例如:—There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.—It can't have been a comfortable journey. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习四、情四、情态动词态动词的常用形式的特殊使用的常用形式的特殊使用1..should 和和 ought to 后接后接动词动词原形原形,,常表示常表示“应该应该……”;;但也可用来表示推但也可用来表示推测测,,意意为为“想必会想必会……”。

      例如:例如:(1)It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack should be here at any moment.(2)—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.—They should be ready by 12::00. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习2..could 后接完成式常表示后接完成式常表示“(过过去去)可能可能……”,,但也可用来但也可用来表示表示责备语责备语气气,,意意为为“过过去本来能去本来能够够……,,而而实际实际上却未上却未……”例如:例如:—We could have walked to the station;;it was so near.—Yes.A taxi wasn't at all necessary. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习五、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用五、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用1.虚拟条件句中谓语动词的形式.虚拟条件句中谓语动词的形式从句主句与过去相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与现在相反过去式would/should/could/might+动词原形与将来相反过去式/were to+动词原形/should+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习(1)主句中的 should,could,might 具有情态意义。

      2)与将来事实相反时,条件句中谓语可由“should+动词原形”构成,但要注意这里的 should 不能被 would,could,might 等替代3)从句中单数 be 动词的过去式一般用 were,在口语中有时也可用 was2.有时候,从句与主句所指时间并不一致,这时谓语动词应分别用其相应的形式这时便称为错综时态虚拟条件句例如:If he had studied hard, he would pass the exam tomorrow. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习3.条件句中的if省略时,从句应倒装例如:Had they got enough boats,they would have succeeded in crossing the river.但条件句的谓语是实义动词的过去式,即谓语部分没有 had,were 或 should 时,if 不能省略,从句也不能倒装 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习4.含蓄条件句非真实条件有时不用条件句而用短语,或通过上下文含蓄地表达出来,但在意义上它们仍相当于条件句例如:Without your help,we couldn't have finished it on time.要不是你帮忙,我们不可能按时完成它。

      But for the storm,we would have arrived earlier.要是没有暴风雨,我们还会到得早些The ship would have sunk had it not been for the captain.要不是船长,船就沉了I'm really busy.Otherwise l would go with you.我很忙,不然我会和你去的 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习六、虚拟语气在其他情况下的应用1.在宾语从句中的运用(1)suggest (建议),ask,require,demand,decide,prefer,insist (坚持要求),command,order 等表示“建议”、“请求”、“主张”、“命令”之类的动词后接宾语从句时,从句须用虚拟语气,其形式为“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”但当 suggest 作“暗示”讲,insist 作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲时不用虚拟语气例如:All the doctors insisted that he was badly wounded and that he should be operated on at once.所有的医生都坚持认为他伤得很严重,坚决要求他立刻手术。

      20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习特别提醒:除接宾语从句外,上述动词及其相应的名词后的主语从句、表语从句亦应用虚拟语气,形式同上例如:It is requested that Mr Wang give a performance at the party.有人请求王先生在晚会上表演一个节目主语从句)My proposal is that we should give them more help.我的建议是我们应给予他们更多的帮助表语从句)He gave orders that the work be started at once.他命令立即开始工作同位语从句) 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习特别提醒:idea,plan 等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句也用虚拟语气,形式同上2)在 wish 后的宾语从句中,须用虚拟语气,形式为:所述愿望与过去事实相反时用“had+过去分词”,与现在事实相反时用过去式,与将来事实相反时用“would(不用should)+动词原形”例如:I wish you had told me earlier.How I wish I were a bird!I wish someone would give me a hand. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习特别提醒:wish 后接 that 从句时不能用来表示祝愿。

      2..在主在主语语从句中的运用从句中的运用(1)在在 It is necessary (important,,better,,natural,,strange,,surprising) that 这一句型中这一句型中,,从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气气,,其形式为其形式为“should+动词原形+动词原形”或或“动词原形动词原形”例如:例如:It is necessary that we should make our minds without delay. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习How surprising it is that he should have refused to come with you!这一句型中的形容词多是表示“重要性”、“必要性”和“合适性”的,有较强的建议、规劝和命令色彩2)在It is a pity (a shame,no wonder) that 这一句型中,从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其形式为“should+动词原形”或“动词原形” 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习 3.在状语从句中的运用(1)as if/as though 从句若表示非真实情况可用虚拟语气,其形式为:表示与过去事实相反时用“had+过去分词”,与现在事实相反时用“过去式”,与将来事实相反时用“would/were going to 等+动词原形”。

      20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习特别提醒:①as if还可以引导表语从句例如:He looks as if he didn't agree to that plan.②as if 可以跟在 look,seem,taste,smell 等连系动词后面引导一个表语从句,从句中的谓语动词所表示的情况若可能是事实的,可用陈述语气例如:It looks as if it is going to rain. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习(2)in order that/so that 引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用虚拟语气,其形式为:表示现在情况用“may/can+动词原形”,表示过去用“might/could+动词原形”3)在 for fear that 和 in case 引导的状语从句中也常用虚拟语气,其形式为“should+动词原形”例如:She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch a cold.In Britain,when people go out,they are used to taking umbrellas with them in case it should rain. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习特别提醒:①这一句型中的 should 也可视作情态动词,意为“万一”。

      ②in case 引导的状语从句中也可用陈述语气 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习4.在其他情况下的运用(1)在It is(high)time that 这一结构中,定语从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其形式为“过去式”或“should+动词原形”例如:It is time that we went to bed/we should go to bed.(2)当 would rather,had rather 后接省去 that 的从句时,从句中的谓语须用虚拟语气其形式为:表示与过去事实相反时用“had+过去分词”;与现在或将来事实相反时用“过去式”例如: I would rather he came tomorrow than today.我宁愿他明天来,而不是今天这里的 would rather 和 had rather 在意义上相当于 wish 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习 (3)在某些表示祝愿的句子中,也常用虚拟语气,谓语动词一般由“原形动词”充当例如: “God bless you!”said the lawyer.Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁! (4)在 if only 引起的句子中用虚拟语气,其形式与 wish 引导的宾语从句中的形式相当。

      例如:If only he had come in time.If only I had enough money, I could buy a car nicer than yours. 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习 [名校模拟演练名校模拟演练] 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习1.(山东潍坊质量监测)The order came that the medical supplies ______ to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.A.would be sent B.should sendC.be sent D.must be sent解析:考查虚拟语气当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order, suggest, command等)后面接从句时,从句用虚拟语气,从句谓语用should+do, should可以省略答案:C 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习2.(安徽皖南八校二联)-When shall we meet your cousin at the station?-His plane took off 2 hours ago, and it ______ arrive at 5 pm.A.should B.couldC.must D.can解析:考查情态动词的用法。

      should的意思是“应该会,可能”,在这里表示对将来的推测,预期会……答案:A 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习3.(长春调研)-Has Tim started? He said he would join in the party.-He ______. He is a man of his word.A.could have left B.must have leftC.can't come D.won't be coming解析:考查情态动词根据“He is a man of his word”可知他是一个守信的人,因此推测他肯定已经启程了答案:B 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习4.(北京东城期末)-The traffic is heavy now, so Mike ______ come late.-Let's wait ten more minutes.A.can B.needC.may D.shall解析:考查情态动词的用法语意:——现在交通繁忙,所以Mike可能会迟到——那让我们再等10分钟吧此处may表示“(有可能但不肯定)也许,可能”;can表示“能够”;need表示“需要”;shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示“警告、命令、威胁”等语气。

      据此选C项答案:C 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习5.(北京海淀期末)-If you ______ to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.-Oh, what a pity!A.came B.had comeC.would come D.would have come解析:考查虚拟语气从语意分析,这是非真实条件句中对过去状况的虚拟,主句谓语用should/would/could/might have done,条件句用过去完成时态,答案应该选B项答案:B 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习6.(陕西西安质检)The well-dressed lady was caught stealing in the fashion shop. Strangely enough, she ______ have done such a thing.A.would B.mustC.should D.might解析:考查情态动词的用法根据题干中的Strangely enough可知,这里应该用should,表示惊讶,可译为“竟然”。

      答案:C 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习7.(上海春招)It is important to know about the cultural differences that ______ cause problems.A.must B.dareC.need D.may解析:考查情态动词语意:了解一些可能会引起问题的文化差异,这很重要此处may用来表示“可能”;must“一定,必须”;dare作情态动词常用在否定句与疑问句中,表示“敢于”;need表示“必须,需要”根据语意,这里选D项答案:D 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习8.(临川一中)-Can I tell my best friend about it?-No. It's just between you and me. You ______ tell anyone else.A.mustn't B.may notC.needn't D.don't have to解析:考查情态动词根据答语的前半部分可知此处表示的是禁止,所以用mustn'tC、D两项的意思相同,表示“不必”答案:A 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习9.(河南省实验中学)-Hi, Johnson, any idea where Susan is?-It's class time, so she ______ in the classroom now.A.can be B.must have beenC.might have been D.should be解析:考查情态动词。

      should用于对现在比较有把握的事情的推测,符合语意can表示可能性时多用于否定句或疑问句中答案:D 20122012届高考英语总复习届高考英语总复习10.(郑州一中)Tom ______ show his exam results to his parents.A.dare not B.dareC.dare to D.dares not to解析:情态动词dare的过去式为dared,常用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中,没有人称和数的变化,其否定式是在dare后接not,再接动词原形dare作实义动词时,有人称和数的变化,构成否定式时,其前要加助动词,后接带to或不带to的动词不定式由此可知选A项答案:A 。

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