口腔科学教学课件：Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy.ppt

  Oral and Maxillofacial Oral and Maxillofacial AnatomyAnatomy  Oral and Maxillofacial AnatomyOral and Maxillofacial AnatomyOralOralOralOral   and Maxillofacial Systematic Anatomyand Maxillofacial Systematic Anatomyand Maxillofacial Systematic Anatomyand Maxillofacial Systematic AnatomyOral Topographic AnatomyOral Topographic AnatomyOral Topographic AnatomyOral Topographic AnatomyMaxillofacial Topographic AnatomyMaxillofacial Topographic AnatomyMaxillofacial Topographic AnatomyMaxillofacial Topographic Anatomy  Oral and Maxillofacial Oral and Maxillofacial Systematic AnatomySystematic AnatomyKey points:1. pillars and processes of maxilla2. weak regions of mandible3. composition of the temporomandibular joint4. muscles of mastication5. How to distinguish the internal and external carotid artery?6. pterygoid plexus7. distribution of trigeminal nerve in oral region8. branches of facial nerve   Oral and Maxillofacial Oral and Maxillofacial Systematic AnatomySystematic AnatomyBonesBones：：：：maxilla and mandible maxilla and mandible Joints ：：temporomandibular joint MusclesMuscles：：：：muscles of  masticationmuscles of  masticationVesselesVesseles：：：：carotid artery and jugular veincarotid artery and jugular veinNervesNerves：：：：V VII IX XIIV VII IX XII  Oral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomybone   There’re totally fourteen bones making up the maxillofacial bony framework. Single bone: Single bone: mandiblemandible、、、、vomervomer pairing bones: pairing bones: maxillamaxilla、、、、zygomatic boneszygomatic bones、、、、palatine palatine bonesbones、、、、inferior nasal inferior nasal conchaconchanasal bonesnasal bones、、、、lacrimal lacrimal bonesbones  MaxillaMaxillaboneboneOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  maxillamaxillaboneOne bodyOne body（（four surfacesfour surfaces））Four processesFour processesOne sinusOne sinusthree pairs of three pairs of pillarspillarsOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  Anterior surface Anterior surface (facial surface)(facial surface) infraorbital forameninfraorbital foramenmaxilla口腔颌面部口腔颌面部系统解剖系统解剖boneOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  maxilla口腔颌面部系统解口腔颌面部系统解剖剖bonePosterior Posterior surfacesurfaceZygomatico-alveolar Zygomatico-alveolar Zygomatico-alveolar Zygomatico-alveolar ridgeridgeridgeridgeMaxillary tuberosity Maxillary tuberosity Maxillary tuberosity Maxillary tuberosity Oral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  Upper surface Upper surface (orbital surface)(orbital surface) infraorbital groove infraorbital groovemaxilla口腔颌面部系统解口腔颌面部系统解剖剖boneOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  Medial surfaceMedial surface（（nasal surfacenasal surface））maxillaboneOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  maxillaboneFour Four Four Four processesprocessesprocessesprocessesFour processesFour processesfrontal processfrontal processzygomatic processzygomatic processpalatine processpalatine processalveolar processalveolar processOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  maxillary sinusmaxillary sinusThe inferior wall of The inferior wall of the maxillary sinus the maxillary sinus covers the root covers the root apexes from the apexes from the maxillary second maxillary second premolar to the third premolar to the third molar, and the root molar, and the root apex of the first apex of the first molar is the nearest molar is the nearest to it.to it.maxillaboneOne sinusOne sinusOne sinusOne sinusOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  maxillary sinusmaxillary sinus  three pairs of three pairs of pillarspillarsFrontonasal pillarFrontonasal pillarFrontonasal pillarFrontonasal pillar (canine pillar) (canine pillar) (canine pillar) (canine pillar)Zygomatic process Zygomatic process Zygomatic process Zygomatic process pillarpillarpillarpillarPterygoid process Pterygoid process Pterygoid process Pterygoid process pillarpillarpillarpillarmaxillabonethree pairs ofthree pairs ofthree pairs ofthree pairs of pillars pillars pillars pillarsOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  MandibleMandibleboneboneOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyThe unique bone which is The unique bone which is mobile mobile on on the maxillofacial regionthe maxillofacial region！！  Body of mandibleBody of mandibleRamus of mandibleRamus of mandibleangle of mandibleangle of mandibleMandibleMandibleOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomybonebone  The external surface of The external surface of the body of mandiblethe body of mandibleMeso-combinationMeso-combinationMeso-combinationMeso-combinationmental tuberclemental tuberclemental tuberclemental tubercleexternal oblique lineexternal oblique lineexternal oblique lineexternal oblique linemental foramenmental foramenmental foramenmental foramenMandibleBody of Body of mandiblemandibleOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomybonebone  The internal surface of The internal surface of The internal surface of The internal surface of the body of mandiblethe body of mandiblethe body of mandiblethe body of mandibleMental spinesMental spinesMental spinesMental spinesInternal oblique line Internal oblique line Internal oblique line Internal oblique line (mylohyoid line)(mylohyoid line)(mylohyoid line)(mylohyoid line)Sublingual fossaSublingual fossaSublingual fossaSublingual fossaDigastric fossaDigastric fossaDigastric fossaDigastric fossaSubmandibular fossaSubmandibular fossaSubmandibular fossaSubmandibular fossaOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyboneboneMandibleBody of Body of mandiblemandible  Ramus of mandibleRamus of mandibleRamus of mandibleRamus of mandiblecoronoid processcoronoid process（（muscular processmuscular process）） Condylar processCondylar process(articular process(articular process））simoid notchsimoid notch(mandibular notch)(mandibular notch)The internal surface of The internal surface of the ramus of mandblethe ramus of mandblemandibular foramenmandibular lingulaMandibular canal Ramus of Ramus of mandiblemandibleOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyboneboneMandible  angle of mandibleangle of mandibleInternal surfaceInternal surface：： pterygoid tuberosity pterygoid tuberosityExternal surfaceExternal surface：：masseteric tuberositymasseteric tuberosityangle of angle of mandiblemandibleOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyboneboneMandible  The weak regions of The weak regions of mandiblemandibleMeso-combinationMeso-combinationMeso-combinationMeso-combinationmental foramenmental foramenmental foramenmental foramenAngle of mandibleAngle of mandibleAngle of mandibleAngle of mandibleneck of condyleneck of condyleneck of condyleneck of condyleWeak regionWeak regionOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyboneboneMandible  Temporomandibular jointTemporomandibular jointTemporomandibularTemporomandibular joint jointOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  condylar processcondylar processarticular fossaarticular fossaarticular disarticular disk kOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyTemporomandibularTemporomandibular joint joint  articular capsulearticular capsulearticular ligamentsarticular ligamentsOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyTemporomandibularTemporomandibular joint joint  TemporomandibularTemporomandibular joint jointOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  muscles of masticationmuscles of masticationmusclemuscles of muscles of masticationmasticationOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  Muscles of Muscles of masticationmasticationmassetermassetertemporalistemporalismedial pterygoid medial pterygoid musclemusclelateral pterygoid lateral pterygoid musclemuscleOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomymusclemuscles of muscles of masticationmastication  MasseterMasseterActions:Actions:lelevates the mandibleelevates the mandiblelProtrudes the mandible Protrudes the mandible massetermasseterOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomymuscle  TemporalisTemporalis Actions:Actions:lelevates the mandibleelevates the mandiblelRetracts the protruded Retracts the protruded mandible with its mandible with its horizontal posterior horizontal posterior fibersfiberslUnilateral contraction : Unilateral contraction : mastication mastication TemporalisTemporalisOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomymuscle  Medial pterygoid Medial pterygoid musclemuscleActions:elevates Actions:elevates the mandiblethe mandible Medial Medial pterygoidpterygoidOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomymuscle  Lateral pterygoid muscleLateral pterygoid muscleActions:Actions:lBilateral contraction: Bilateral contraction: initiates mouth opening initiates mouth opening by protruding the by protruding the mandible and moving the mandible and moving the articular disk forwardarticular disk forwardlUnilateral contraction: Unilateral contraction: tract the mandible to the tract the mandible to the opposite side during opposite side during masticationmasticationLateral Lateral pterygoid pterygoid Oral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomymuscle  BloodBlood vessel vesselblood vesselblood vesselOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  arteryarteryInternal carotid arteryInternal carotid arteryExternal carotid arteryExternal carotid arteryDistinguish the two arteriesDistinguish the two arteries（（locationlocation、、branchbranch、、pulsationpulsation））veinveinSuperficial veinSuperficial veinDeep veinDeep veinBloodBlood vessel vesselOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy   common carotid arterycommon carotid artery →→Internal carotid arteryInternal carotid artery frontonasal partfrontonasal part intra-orbitintra-orbit encephalonencephalon→→External carotid arteryExternal carotid artery → →superior thyroid arterysuperior thyroid artery → →lingual arterylingual artery → →facial artery (external facial artery (external maxillary artery) maxillary artery) → →maxillary artery (internal maxillary artery (internal maxillary artery )maxillary artery ) →→superficial superficial temporal temporal arteryartery        arteryarteryBloodBlood vessel vesselOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  Distinguish Distinguish internal internal and and external carotid arteryexternal carotid arterylocationlocation：：：：the the internal internal is is at at the the post-lateral post-lateral side side of of the the external external first first and and then then at at its its post-intra side post-intra side branchbranch：：：：    the the internal internal has has no no branch at thebranch at the   cervical partcervical partPulsation: Pulsation: external external maxillary maxillary artery artery and and superficial superficial temporal temporal artery artery have have no no pulsation pulsation whenwhen blocking blocking the the external external carotid carotid arteryarteryarterydistinguishingdistinguishingBloodBlood vessel vesselOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  superficial superficial  vein vein  at at  oral oral maxillo-facial regionmaxillo-facial regionfacial veinsuperficial temporal veindeep vein at oral maxillo-deep vein at oral maxillo-facial regionfacial regionpterygoid plexusmaxillary veinretromandibular veincommon facial veinveinveinBloodBlood vessel vesselOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  pterygoid plexus:   Is a venous network situated behind the mandibular ramus between the muscles of mastication. It has extensive connections with the adjacent veins which are clinically important because they may allow infectious organisms to enter the cranial cavity.veinveinBloodBlood vessel vesselOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  nervesnervesnervesnervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  olfactory nerveolfactory nerveoptic nerveoptic nerveoculomotor nerveoculomotor nervetrochlear nervetrochlear nerveV.V.trigeminal nervetrigeminal nerve－－branchbranch、、distributiondistributionabducent nerveabducent nerveVIIVII.facial nerve.facial nerve－－branchbranch、、distributiondistributionvestibulocochlear nervevestibulocochlear nerveIXIX.glossopharyngeal nerve.glossopharyngeal nerve－－distributiondistributionvagus nervevagus nerveaccessory nerveaccessory nerveXIIXII.hypoglossal nerve.hypoglossal nerve－－distributiondistributionCranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  nervesnervestrigeminal nervetrigeminal nerveOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  P Pr ri in nc ci ip pa al l   s se en ns so or ry y   n nu uc cl le eu us s（（（（touch-pressure sensation））））s sp pi in na al l   n nu uc cl le eu us s（（（（ p pa ai in n   a an nd d   t te emmp pe er ra at tu ur re e   s se en ns sa at ti io on n ））））MMo ot to or r   n nu uc cl le eu us s（（（（ mmo ot to oe e   r ro oo ot t ））））Trigeminal ganglionTrigeminal ganglionOOp ph ht th ha al lmmi ic c   n ne er rv ve e（（（（ s se en ns so or ry y   n ne er rv ve e ））））MMa ax xi il ll la ar ry y   n ne er rv ve e   （（（（ s se en ns so or ry y   n ne er rv ve e ））））MMa an nd di ib bu ul la ar r   n ne er rv ve e（（（（ mmi ix xe ed d   n ne er rv ve e ））））trigeminal trigeminal nervenerveOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyCranialCranial nerves nerves  lacrimal glandlacrimal glandeyeballeyeballeyelideyelidskin of foreheadskin of foreheadnasal mucosanasal mucosaO O O Op p p ph h h ht t t th h h ha a a al l l lm m m mi i i ic c c c d d d di i i iv v v vi i i is s s si i i io o o on n n nOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyCranialCranial nerves nervestrigeminal trigeminal nervenerve  nervus meningeus mediusnervus meningeus medius———— cerebral  cerebral dura materdura materzygomatic nervezygomatic nerve————skin of  the cheek skin of  the cheek and tempus and tempus sphenopalatine nervesphenopalatine nerve————mucosa of the mucosa of the nose and palatenose and palatePosterior superior alveolar nervePosterior superior alveolar nerve————                distosidedistoside   Middle superior alveolar nerveMiddle superior alveolar nerve————              mesial sidemesial sideAnterior superior alveolar nerveAnterior superior alveolar nerve————infraorbital nerveinfraorbital nerve————facial sectionfacial sectionM M M Ma a a ax x x xi i i il l l ll l l la a a ar r r ry y y y n n n ne e e er r r rv v v ve e e eM M M Mi i i id d d dd d d dl l l le e e e c c c cr r r ra a a an n n ni i i ia a a al l l l s s s se e e ec c c ct t t ti i i io o o on n n nP P P Pt t t te e e er r r ry y y yg g g go o o op p p pa a a al l l la a a at t t ti i i in n n ne e e e f f f fo o o os s s ss s s sa a a a s s s se e e ec c c ct t t ti i i io o o on n n nO O O Or r r rb b b bi i i it t t ta a a al l l l s s s se e e ec c c ct t t ti i i io o o on n n nCranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomytrigeminal trigeminal nervenerveF Fa ac ci ia al l s se ec ct ti io on n  nervesnervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyMaxillary nervetrigeminal trigeminal nervenerve  nervus spinosusnervus spinosus─ ─cerebral dura matercerebral dura matermedial pterygoid nerrvemedial pterygoid nerrve─ ─medial pterygoidmedial pterygoiddeep temproal ngervesdeep temproal ngerves─ ─temporalistemporalismasseteric nervemasseteric nerve─ ─massetermasseterlateral pterygoid nervelateral pterygoid nerve─ ─lateral pterygoidlateral pterygoidbuccal nervebuccal nerve─ ─skin and mucosa of the  skin and mucosa of the  posterior toothposterior tooth’’’’s buccal sides buccal sideauriculotempauriculotemporal nerveoral nervelingual lingual nervenervetemporomandibular jointtemporomandibular jointexternal acoustic meatusexternal acoustic meatusexternal acoustic meatusexternal acoustic meatusSkin of temporal regionSkin of temporal regionLingual gum of the mandibleLingual gum of the mandibleTwe-thirds mucosa of the fore tongueTwe-thirds mucosa of the fore tongueMucosa of the oral floorMucosa of the oral floorsublingual glandsublingual glandinferior inferior alveolar alveolar nervenerveGum of the mandibleGum of the mandibleMylohyoidMylohyoidanterior belly of digastricanterior belly of digastricF F F Fo o o or r r re e e e - - - -t t t tr r r ru u u un n n nk k k k o o o of f f f t t t th h h he e e e m m m ma a a an n n nd d d di i i ib b b bu u u ul l l la a a ar r r r n n n ne e e er r r rv v v ve e e eM M M Me e e et t t ta a a a- - - -t t t tr r r ru u u un n n nk k k k o o o of f f f t t t th h h he e e e m m m ma a a an n n nd d d di i i ib b b bu u u ul l l la a a ar r r r n n n ne e e er r r rv v v ve e e eCranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomytrigeminal trigeminal nervenerveM Ma an nd di ib bu ul la ar r n ne er rv ve e  Motor branches:Motor branches: for the for the muscles of mastication muscles of mastication Sensory branches:Sensory branches: Buccal nerveBuccal nerveAuriculotemporal nerveAuriculotemporal nerveLingual nerveLingual nerveInferior alveolar nerve Inferior alveolar nerve CranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomytrigeminal trigeminal nervenerveMandibular nerveMandibular nerve  nervesnervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyMandibular nerve  8  7  6  5  4  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  13  2  1        1  2  31  2  3     4  54  5       6 6     7  87  8   8  7  6  5  4  3  2  18  7  6  5  4  3  2  1        1  2  3  4  1  2  3  4  5   6  7  85   6  7  8CranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomytrigeminal trigeminal nervenerveP PmA APalatal/lingualPalatal/lingualLingual n.Lingual n.Buccal n./Buccal n./Mental n.Mental n./Inferior alveolar n./Inferior alveolar n.L-B/teethL-B/teethNasopalatine Nasopalatine n.n.anter. anter. pala.n.pala.n.Distribution of n. in oral region Distribution of n. in oral region   nervenerveFacial nerveFacial nerveOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  Motor fiberMotor fiber：：：：mainly dominate the muscles of facial mainly dominate the muscles of facial expressionexpressionsubmaxillary gland, sublingual glandsubmaxillary gland, sublingual glandlacrimal glandlacrimal gland、、、、mucosal glands of the mucosal glands of the nasal cavity and palatenasal cavity and palateTaste fiberTaste fiber：：：：   taste bud of the anterior twe-thirds of the tonguetaste bud of the anterior twe-thirds of the tongueFacial Facial nervenerveParasympathetic Parasympathetic Parasympathetic Parasympathetic fiberfiberfiberfiber：：：：CranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  nervenerveFacial nerveFacial nerveFacial nerveFacial nerveOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  T Te emmp po or ra al l   f fa ac ci ia al l   t tr ru un nk k   C Ce er rv vi ic co of fa ac ci ia al l   t tr ru un nk ktemporal branchestemporal brancheszygomatic brancheszygomatic branchesbuccal branchesbuccal branchesmarginal        marginal        mandibular branchmandibular branchcervical branchcervical branchC Co om mm me en n t tr ru un nk k o of f t th he e f fa ac ci ia al l n ne er rv ve emuscular  branchesmuscular  branchesFacial Facial nervenerveCranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  Facial Facial nervenerveCranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyCentral paralysis and Central paralysis and peripheral paralysisperipheral paralysis  Central paralysisCentral paralysisCentral paralysisCentral paralysisLoss of the upper neurpns, in this case on the left side.presents clinically with paralysis of the contralateral muscles of the facial expression in the lower half of the face , while the contralateral forehead and extra-ocular muscles remain functional. Thus, the corner of the mouth sags on the right (contralateral) side, but the patient can still wrinkle the forehead and close the eyes on both sides. Speech articulation is impaired.Facial Facial nervenerveCranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy   Peripheral paralysis Peripheral paralysis Peripheral paralysis Peripheral paralysis (Loss of the lower neurpns, in this case on the right side).is characterized by complete paralysis of the ipsilateral muscles. The patient cannot wrinkle the forehead, the corner of the mouth sags, articulation is impaired, and the eyelid cannot be fully closed. A Bell phenomenon is present (the eyeball turns upward and outward, exposing the sclera, when the patient attempts to close the eyelids), and the eyelids closure reflex is abolished. Depending on the site of the lesion, additional deficits may be present such as decreased lacrimation and salivation or loss of taste sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.Facial Facial nervenerveCranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  glossopharyngeal nerveglossopharyngeal nerve (mixed nerve) (mixed nerve) (mixed nerve) (mixed nerve)Motor fiber:Motor fiber:Motor fiber:Motor fiber: Parasympathetic fiberParasympathetic fiberParasympathetic fiberParasympathetic fiber：：：： secretion of parotid glandsecretion of parotid glandsecretion of parotid glandsecretion of parotid glandSensory fiber:Sensory fiber: pharyngeal mucous membrane, pharyngeal mucous membrane, pharyngeal mucous membrane, pharyngeal mucous membrane, carotid sinus, carotid sinus, carotid sinus, carotid sinus, carotid body, carotid body, carotid body, carotid body,one-third mucosa of the post one-third mucosa of the post one-third mucosa of the post one-third mucosa of the post tongue,tongue,tongue,tongue,palatine tonsil palatine tonsil palatine tonsil palatine tonsil Taste fiber: Taste fiber: Taste fiber: Taste fiber: one-third of the one-third of the one-third of the one-third of the post tonguepost tonguepost tonguepost tongueGlossopharyngealGlossopharyngeal nerve nerveCranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomy  Hypoglossal nerve Hypoglossal nerve Hypoglossal nerve Hypoglossal nerve (motor nerve) (motor nerve) (motor nerve) (motor nerve) intrinsic and intrinsic and intrinsic and intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of extrinsic muscles of extrinsic muscles of extrinsic muscles of the tonguethe tonguethe tonguethe tongueHypoglossal Hypoglossal nervenerveCranialCranial nerves nervesOral and Maxillofacial systematic anatomyL-1L-1  Have a break  local anatomy of the oral cavitylocal anatomy of the oral cavityKey points1. features of the soft tissue of the hard palatefeatures of the soft tissue of the hard palate2. papillae and their functions of the tongue 2. papillae and their functions of the tongue 3. lymphatic drainage of the tongue3. lymphatic drainage of the tongue  local anatomy of the oral cavitylocal anatomy of the oral cavityBoundary of the oral cavityBoundary of the oral cavityAnatomy of the lipAnatomy of the lipAnatomy of the tongueAnatomy of the tongueAnatomy of the hypoglossal areaAnatomy of the hypoglossal areaSurface markerSurface markerAnatomy of the cheekAnatomy of the cheekAnatomy of the palateAnatomy of the palateAnatomy of the dentitionAnatomy of the dentition  Boundary of the oral cavityBoundary of the oral cavityBoundary of the oral cavityBoundary of the oral cavityLips are the anterior wallLips are the anterior wallLips are the anterior wallLips are the anterior wallFauces is the posterior Fauces is the posterior Fauces is the posterior Fauces is the posterior erathemerathemerathemerathemPalate is the upper boundPalate is the upper boundPalate is the upper boundPalate is the upper boundOral floor is the lower bound Oral floor is the lower bound Oral floor is the lower bound Oral floor is the lower bound The dental arches with the The dental arches with the The dental arches with the The dental arches with the alveolar processes of the alveolar processes of the alveolar processes of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible subdivide maxilla and mandible subdivide maxilla and mandible subdivide maxilla and mandible subdivide the oral cavity into oral the oral cavity into oral the oral cavity into oral the oral cavity into oral vestibule and oral cavity vestibule and oral cavity vestibule and oral cavity vestibule and oral cavity proper.proper.proper.proper.local anatomy of the oral cavityBoundary of theBoundary of the oral cavity oral cavity  oral vestibular grooveoral vestibular groovefrenulum of the upper and frenulum of the upper and lower liplower lipbuccal frenumbuccal frenumopening of the Stensen's opening of the Stensen's duct—Parotid glandduct—Parotid glandretromolar area retromolar area Pterygonmandibular foldPterygonmandibular foldlingual frenulumlingual frenulumSurface Surface markermarkerlocal anatomy of the oral cavity  lipslipsAnatomy ofAnatomy of the lips the lipslocal anatomy of the oral cavity  boundaryboundaryboundaryboundary：：：：basis nasi is the upper boundbasis nasi is the upper boundbasis nasi is the upper boundbasis nasi is the upper boundmentolabial sulcus is the mentolabial sulcus is the mentolabial sulcus is the mentolabial sulcus is the lower boundlower boundlower boundlower boundlabial sulccus is the lateral labial sulccus is the lateral labial sulccus is the lateral labial sulccus is the lateral boundboundboundboundanatomic landmarkanatomic landmark：：：：angle of mouthangle of mouthangle of mouthangle of mouthvermilion vermilion vermilion vermilion vermilion bordervermilion bordervermilion bordervermilion borderlabial archlabial archlabial archlabial archlabial peaklabial peaklabial peaklabial peakvermilion tuberclevermilion tuberclevermilion tuberclevermilion tuberclenasal columellanasal columellanasal columellanasal columellaphiltrumphiltrumphiltrumphiltrum、、、、philtrum ridgephiltrum ridgephiltrum ridgephiltrum ridge、、、、philtrun incisurephiltrun incisurephiltrun incisurephiltrun incisurelocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy ofAnatomy of the lips the lips  Anatomy ofAnatomy of the lips the lipslocal anatomy of the oral cavity  cheekscheeksAnatomy of Anatomy of the cheeksthe cheekslocal anatomy of the oral cavity  boundaryboundaryinferior margin of the inferior margin of the zygomatic bone is the upper zygomatic bone is the upper boundboundinferior border of mandible is inferior border of mandible is the lower boundthe lower boundanterior border of masseter is anterior border of masseter is its posterior borderits posterior borderlayerlayerskinskinhypodermishypodermis：：buccal pad, buccal pad, vascular nervevascular nerveBuccinatorBuccinator，，fascia buccinatorfascia buccinatorsubmucosasubmucosa：：contain mucous contain mucous glandglandmucosamucosa：：have thw opening of have thw opening of the Stensen's ductthe Stensen's ductlocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy of Anatomy of the cheeksthe cheeks  palatepalateAnatomy ofAnatomy of the palate the palatelocal anatomy of the oral cavity   Anatomic landmarkAnatomic landmarkPalatine raphePalatine rapheIncisive papillaIncisive papillaPalatine foldsPalatine foldsHard palate Hard palate Greater palatine Greater palatine foramenforamenPterygoid hamulusPterygoid hamulusFoveola palatinaFoveola palatinalocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy ofAnatomy of the palate the palate  Feature of the soft tissue Feature of the soft tissue Feature of the soft tissue Feature of the soft tissue of the hard palateof the hard palateof the hard palateof the hard palatesubmucosasubmucosasubmucosasubmucosa：：：：there are no glands in the anterior part，and a lot of mucous glands in the posterior part.Periosteum adhere to mucosa and submucosa more tightly than to bone surfaceMucoperiosteum is not easy to move,and can tolerate scrape and masticatory pressurelocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy ofAnatomy of the palate the palate  Muscle of the soft Muscle of the soft palatepalatetensor veli palatinilevator veli palatinipalatoglossuspalatopharyngeusuvular musclelocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy ofAnatomy of the palate the palate  tonguetongueAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy of the tongue the tongue the tongue the tonguelocal anatomy of the oral cavity  The V-shaped The V-shaped The V-shaped The V-shaped terminal sulcus terminal sulcus terminal sulcus terminal sulcus divides tongue to divides tongue to divides tongue to divides tongue to an anterior two-an anterior two-an anterior two-an anterior two-thirds (boby) and thirds (boby) and thirds (boby) and thirds (boby) and a posterior one-a posterior one-a posterior one-a posterior one-third (root)third (root)third (root)third (root)tonguetonguelocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy of the tongue the tongue the tongue the tongue  Body of tongue has four Body of tongue has four Body of tongue has four Body of tongue has four kinds of papillakinds of papillakinds of papillakinds of papillafiliform papilla-filiform papilla-filiform papilla-filiform papilla-sensitive sensitive sensitive sensitive to tactile to tactile to tactile to tactile stimulistimulistimulistimulifungiform papilla-fungiform papilla-fungiform papilla-fungiform papilla-mechanical/thermal mechanical/thermal mechanical/thermal mechanical/thermal receptors,taste budsreceptors,taste budsreceptors,taste budsreceptors,taste budsvallate papilla-vallate papilla-vallate papilla-vallate papilla- abundant taste budsabundant taste budsabundant taste budsabundant taste budsfoliate papilla-foliate papilla-foliate papilla-foliate papilla- taste taste taste taste budsbudsbudsbudsTongueTonguelocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy of the tongue the tongue the tongue the tongue   Root of tongue: Root of tongue: Root of tongue: Root of tongue: no papilla no papilla no papilla no papilla，，，，a lot of a lot of a lot of a lot of nodosity lymphatic nodosity lymphatic nodosity lymphatic nodosity lymphatic tissue called lingual tissue called lingual tissue called lingual tissue called lingual tonsil.tonsil.tonsil.tonsil.TongueTonguelocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy of the tongue the tongue the tongue the tongue  vmuscles:muscles: extrinsic:4 muscles extrinsic:4 muscles extrinsic:4 muscles extrinsic:4 muscles intrinsic: intrinsic: intrinsic: intrinsic: superior longitudinal m. superior longitudinal m. superior longitudinal m. superior longitudinal m. inferior – inferior – inferior – inferior – transverse m. transverse m. transverse m. transverse m. vertical m. vertical m. vertical m. vertical m.TongueTonguelocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy of the tongue the tongue the tongue the tongue  apex of tongue lymphatic vesselsubmental lymph nodesnodi lymphaticus juguloomohyoideusante- lateral tongueSubmaxillary L.Nlymphonodi cervicales profundi cranialescenter  of tonguelymphonodi cervicales profundi cranialessubmaxillary L.Nsubmaxillary L.Npart cross to opposite sideposterior  tonguelymphonodi cervicales profundi cranialesLymphatic Lymphatic drainagedrainagelocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy of the tongue the tongue the tongue the tongue  lingual frenulumlingual frenulumfimbriated foldfimbriated foldsublingual carunclesublingual carunclesublingual foldsublingual foldLingual Lingual abdomenabdomenlocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy ofAnatomy of the tongue the tongue the tongue the tongue  dentitiondentitionAnatomy ofAnatomy of the dentition the dentitionlocal anatomy of the oral cavity  Anatomy ofAnatomy of the dentition the dentitionlocal anatomy of the oral cavityPermanent teethPermanent teethPermanent teethPermanent teethDeciduous teethDeciduous teethDeciduous teethDeciduous teeth  Anatomy ofAnatomy of the dentition the dentitionlocal anatomy of the oral cavity  Anatomy ofAnatomy of the dentition the dentitionlocal anatomy of the oral cavity  Anatomy ofAnatomy of the dentition the dentitionlocal anatomy of the oral cavity  hypoglossal areahypoglossal areaAnatomy of the Anatomy of the Anatomy of the Anatomy of the hypoglossal areahypoglossal areahypoglossal areahypoglossal arealocal anatomy of the oral cavity  Under the tongue and Under the tongue and mucous membrane of oral mucous membrane of oral floorfloorBeyond the Mylohyoid and Beyond the Mylohyoid and hyoglossushyoglossusGo ahead to reach the Go ahead to reach the medial surface of the body medial surface of the body of mandibleof mandibleRoot of tongue is the post Root of tongue is the post wallwallGenioglossus and Genioglossus and geniohyoid divide it into geniohyoid divide it into two halvestwo halvesAnatomic Anatomic landmarklandmarklocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy of the Anatomy of the Anatomy of the Anatomy of the hypoglossal areahypoglossal areahypoglossal areahypoglossal area  Sublingual gland and Sublingual gland and the the deep partdeep part of the of the submandibular glandsubmandibular glandSubmandibular duct and Submandibular duct and lingual nervelingual nerveHypoglossal nerve and Hypoglossal nerve and its accompanying veinits accompanying veinSublingual arterySublingual arterycontentscontentslocal anatomy of the oral cavityAnatomy of the Anatomy of the Anatomy of the Anatomy of the hypoglossal areahypoglossal areahypoglossal areahypoglossal area  Local anatomy of the maxillofacial regionLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial regionKey points1. features of the soft tissue in the maxillofacial region2. deep region of lateral face3. communication between the cellulite spaces  Local anatomy of the maxillofacial regionLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial regionSurface markerSurface markerP Parotideomasseteric arotideomasseteric regionregionregionregionCellulite spacesCellulite spacesFeature of the soft tissueFeature of the soft tissueDeep layer of the lateral facial regionDeep layer of the lateral facial region  nasal columellanasal columellaBase of the noseBase of the noseNasofacial sulcusNasofacial sulcusLabiofacial sulcusLabiofacial sulcusmentonmentoninfraorbital forameninfraorbital foramensurface projection of the surface projection of the Stensen's ductStensen's ductthe position of the facial the position of the facial nerve nerve efferensefferens stylomastoid stylomastoid foramenforamenLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionSurface Surface markermarker  Skin is thin and soft and has Skin is thin and soft and has wrinkle whose strike is regular. wrinkle whose strike is regular. Subcutaneous tissue is curmbly.Subcutaneous tissue is curmbly.Abundant of sebaceous glands, hair Abundant of sebaceous glands, hair follicle and sweat glandfollicle and sweat glandBlood vessels are intensive, and Blood vessels are intensive, and blood is plentiful.blood is plentiful.Expression musclesExpression musclesFeature of theFeature of the soft tissue soft tissueLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial region  parotideomasseteric regionparotideomasseteric regionparotideomasseteric regionparotideomasseteric regionLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial region  l lProzone-- exterior edge Prozone-- exterior edge Prozone-- exterior edge Prozone-- exterior edge of masseterof masseterof masseterof masseterl lPostzone--Postzone--Postzone--Postzone--sternocleidomastoidsternocleidomastoidsternocleidomastoidsternocleidomastoid、、、、mastoid process and mastoid process and mastoid process and mastoid process and exterior edge of the exterior edge of the exterior edge of the exterior edge of the posterior belly of posterior belly of posterior belly of posterior belly of digastric muscledigastric muscledigastric muscledigastric musclel lUpper bound -- zygomatic Upper bound -- zygomatic Upper bound -- zygomatic Upper bound -- zygomatic arch and external arch and external arch and external arch and external acoustic meatusacoustic meatusacoustic meatusacoustic meatusl lLower bound--inferior Lower bound--inferior Lower bound--inferior Lower bound--inferior border of mandibleborder of mandibleborder of mandibleborder of mandibleboundaryboundaryLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionParotideomassetericParotideomasseteric region region  contentscontentsparotid gland and its parotid gland and its contentscontentsperpendicular teamperpendicular teamsuperficial temporal superficial temporal artery and veinartery and veinauriculotemporal nerveauriculotemporal nervevena facialis posteriorvena facialis posteriorexternal carotid arteryexternal carotid arteryLateropulsion teamLateropulsion teamFacial nerveFacial nerveMaxillary artery and Maxillary artery and veinveintransverse facial arterytransverse facial arterymassetermasseterLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionParotideomassetericParotideomasseteric region region  Deep region of lateral faceDeep region of lateral faceDeep region ofDeep region ofDeep region ofDeep region oflateral facelateral facelateral facelateral faceLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial region  Prozone-- the posterior Prozone-- the posterior surface of the maxilla.surface of the maxilla.Postzone--the parotid Postzone--the parotid gland sheath.gland sheath.Extra-zone--the ramus of Extra-zone--the ramus of mandible.mandible.Intra-zone-- the lamina Intra-zone-- the lamina lateralis processus lateralis processus pterygoidei.pterygoidei.equal to the range of equal to the range of pteryomandibular space pteryomandibular space and temporal spaceand temporal spaceboundaryboundaryLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionDeep region ofDeep region ofDeep region ofDeep region oflateral facelateral facelateral facelateral face  Pterygoid plexusPterygoid plexus：：located located between the temporalis and between the temporalis and lateral pterygoid M., also lateral pterygoid M., also between the medial and between the medial and lateral pterygoid M.lateral pterygoid M.Maxillary arteryMaxillary artery：：go along go along the deep part of the the deep part of the neck neck of condyleof condyleMandibular nerve and its Mandibular nerve and its branchesbranchesLateral pterygoid M.Lateral pterygoid M.contentscontentsLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionDeep region ofDeep region ofDeep region ofDeep region oflateral facelateral facelateral facelateral face  Cellulite spacesCellulite spacesCellulite Cellulite Cellulite Cellulite spacesspacesspacesspacesLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial region  Infraorbital Infraorbital Infraorbital Infraorbital spacespacespacespaceboundaryboundaryboundaryboundary：：：：Upper bound is Upper bound is Upper bound is Upper bound is infraorbital margininfraorbital margininfraorbital margininfraorbital marginLower bound is Lower bound is Lower bound is Lower bound is processus alveolaris processus alveolaris processus alveolaris processus alveolaris maxillaemaxillaemaxillaemaxillaeExtra-bound is Extra-bound is Extra-bound is Extra-bound is zygomaticuszygomaticuszygomaticuszygomaticusIntra-bound is nasal Intra-bound is nasal Intra-bound is nasal Intra-bound is nasal lateral marginlateral marginlateral marginlateral marginBottom is the anterior Bottom is the anterior Bottom is the anterior Bottom is the anterior wall of the maxillawall of the maxillawall of the maxillawall of the maxillaLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionCellulite Cellulite Cellulite Cellulite spacesspacesspacesspaces  Buccal Buccal Buccal Buccal spacespacespacespaceBoudaryBoudaryBoudaryBoudary：：：：Between the buccinator Between the buccinator Between the buccinator Between the buccinator and the masseterand the masseterand the masseterand the masseterProzone is the anterior Prozone is the anterior Prozone is the anterior Prozone is the anterior ledge of the masseterledge of the masseterledge of the masseterledge of the masseterPostzone is the Postzone is the Postzone is the Postzone is the anterior ledge of anterior ledge of anterior ledge of anterior ledge of ramusramusramusramus and temporalisand temporalisand temporalisand temporalisLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionCelluliteCelluliteCelluliteCellulite spaces spaces spaces spaces  Masseteric Masseteric Masseteric Masseteric spacespacespacespaceBoundary Boundary ：：Between the masseterBetween the masseterBetween the masseterBetween the masseter and and and and ramusramusramusramusProzone is the mucosa of the Prozone is the mucosa of the Prozone is the mucosa of the Prozone is the mucosa of the retromolar area retromolar area retromolar area retromolar area Postzone is the parotid glandPostzone is the parotid glandPostzone is the parotid glandPostzone is the parotid glandLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionCellulite Cellulite Cellulite Cellulite spacesspacesspacesspaces  PterygomandibularPterygomandibularPterygomandibularPterygomandibular space space space spaceBoundary Boundary Boundary Boundary ：：：：Between the ramus of mandible and the medial Between the ramus of mandible and the medial Between the ramus of mandible and the medial Between the ramus of mandible and the medial pterygoidpterygoidpterygoidpterygoidProzone is the temporalis and buccinator Prozone is the temporalis and buccinator Prozone is the temporalis and buccinator Prozone is the temporalis and buccinator Postzone is the parotid glandPostzone is the parotid glandPostzone is the parotid glandPostzone is the parotid glandUpper bound is the Upper bound is the Upper bound is the Upper bound is the inferior margininferior margininferior margininferior margin of the of the of the of the lateral pterygoidlateral pterygoidlateral pterygoidlateral pterygoidLower bound is the point which the medial Lower bound is the point which the medial Lower bound is the point which the medial Lower bound is the point which the medial pterygoid attaches to the ramuspterygoid attaches to the ramuspterygoid attaches to the ramuspterygoid attaches to the ramusLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionCellulite Cellulite Cellulite Cellulite spacesspacesspacesspaces  InfratemporalInfratemporalInfratemporalInfratemporal space space space spaceBoungary Boungary Boungary Boungary ：：：：Prozone is the posterior surface of the maxillaProzone is the posterior surface of the maxillaProzone is the posterior surface of the maxillaProzone is the posterior surface of the maxillaPostzone is the styloid process and many muscles Postzone is the styloid process and many muscles Postzone is the styloid process and many muscles Postzone is the styloid process and many muscles which attach to styloid processwhich attach to styloid processwhich attach to styloid processwhich attach to styloid processIntra-bound is lamina lateralis processus pterygoideiIntra-bound is lamina lateralis processus pterygoideiIntra-bound is lamina lateralis processus pterygoideiIntra-bound is lamina lateralis processus pterygoideiExtra-bound is upper part of the ramus and zygomatic Extra-bound is upper part of the ramus and zygomatic Extra-bound is upper part of the ramus and zygomatic Extra-bound is upper part of the ramus and zygomatic archarcharcharchUpper bound is the infratemporal surface and Upper bound is the infratemporal surface and Upper bound is the infratemporal surface and Upper bound is the infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of the great wing of sphenoid infratemporal crest of the great wing of sphenoid infratemporal crest of the great wing of sphenoid infratemporal crest of the great wing of sphenoid boneboneboneboneLower bound is the inferior margin of lateral Lower bound is the inferior margin of lateral Lower bound is the inferior margin of lateral Lower bound is the inferior margin of lateral pterygoidpterygoidpterygoidpterygoidLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionCellulite Cellulite Cellulite Cellulite spacesspacesspacesspaces  Temporal Temporal Temporal Temporal spacespacespacespaceBoundary Boundary ：：Located at the temporal regionLocated at the temporal regionLocated at the temporal regionLocated at the temporal regionTo To To To have have have have zygomatic archzygomatic archzygomatic archzygomatic arch and and and and infratemporal crestinfratemporal crestinfratemporal crestinfratemporal crest as the boundary as the boundary as the boundary as the boundary to the to the to the to the infratemporal spaceinfratemporal spaceinfratemporal spaceinfratemporal space To be divided into superficial To be divided into superficial To be divided into superficial To be divided into superficial temporal space and deep temporal temporal space and deep temporal temporal space and deep temporal temporal space and deep temporal spacespacespacespaceLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionCelluliteCelluliteCelluliteCellulite spaces spaces spaces spaces  Parapharyngeal Parapharyngeal Parapharyngeal Parapharyngeal spacespacespacespaceBoundary Boundary Boundary Boundary ：：：：Located between the medial pterygoid, deep Located between the medial pterygoid, deep Located between the medial pterygoid, deep Located between the medial pterygoid, deep lobe of the parotid gland and the lateral lobe of the parotid gland and the lateral lobe of the parotid gland and the lateral lobe of the parotid gland and the lateral pharyngeal wallpharyngeal wallpharyngeal wallpharyngeal wallUpper to base of skull Upper to base of skull Upper to base of skull Upper to base of skull Lower bound is the hyoid bone planeLower bound is the hyoid bone planeLower bound is the hyoid bone planeLower bound is the hyoid bone planeProzone is ligamentum pterygomandibulareProzone is ligamentum pterygomandibulareProzone is ligamentum pterygomandibulareProzone is ligamentum pterygomandibularePostzone is lateral side of the fascia colli Postzone is lateral side of the fascia colli Postzone is lateral side of the fascia colli Postzone is lateral side of the fascia colli profundaprofundaprofundaprofundaStyloid process and the muscles which attach Styloid process and the muscles which attach Styloid process and the muscles which attach Styloid process and the muscles which attach to it divide the space into anterior to it divide the space into anterior to it divide the space into anterior to it divide the space into anterior parapharyngeal space and posterior parapharyngeal space and posterior parapharyngeal space and posterior parapharyngeal space and posterior parapharyngeal spaceparapharyngeal spaceparapharyngeal spaceparapharyngeal spaceLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionCellulite spacesCellulite spacesCellulite spacesCellulite spaces  PterygopalatinePterygopalatinePterygopalatinePterygopalatine space space space spaceBoundary Boundary ：：Prozone is the maxillaProzone is the maxillaProzone is the maxillaProzone is the maxillaPostzone is the pterygoid process of Postzone is the pterygoid process of Postzone is the pterygoid process of Postzone is the pterygoid process of sphenoid bonesphenoid bonesphenoid bonesphenoid boneUpper bound is the greater wing of Upper bound is the greater wing of Upper bound is the greater wing of Upper bound is the greater wing of sphenoid bonesphenoid bonesphenoid bonesphenoid boneOutside bound is the vertical plate of Outside bound is the vertical plate of Outside bound is the vertical plate of Outside bound is the vertical plate of palatine bonepalatine bonepalatine bonepalatine boneLocal anatomy of theLocal anatomy of the maxillofacial region maxillofacial regionCelluliteCelluliteCelluliteCellulite spaces spaces spaces spacescommunication between the cellulite spacescommunication between the cellulite spaces submental submental spacespaceinfratemporal spaceinfratemporal spacePterygomandibulPterygomandibular spacear spaceparotid spacesparotid spacespterygopalatine spacespterygopalatine spacesCranium cavityCranium cavitytemporal temporal spacespacebuccal buccal spacespacei in nf fr ra ao or rb bi it ta al l s sp pa ac ce eMasseteric Masseteric spacespacesublingual spacesublingual spaceparapharyngeparapharyngeal spaceal spaceParaParaParaParaviscera viscera spacespaceGenioglossus Genioglossus spacespacepretracheal pretracheal spacespacemediastimediastinumnumr re et tr ro oe es so op ph ha ag ge ea al l s sp pa ac ce eR Re et tr ro op ph ha ar ry yn ng ge ea al l s sp pa ac ce eSubmandibular Submandibular Submandibular Submandibular spacespacespacespace  Local anatomy of the Local anatomy of the cervical partcervical partSubmandibular regionSubmandibular regionCervical section of the tracheaCervical section of the trachea  Local anatomy of the Local anatomy of the cervical partcervical partKey points:1. Submandibular region2. Cervical section of the trachea   submandibular trianglesubmandibular triangleLocal anatomy of Local anatomy of the cervical partthe cervical partsubmandibular submandibular triangletriangle  Boundary Boundary ：：upper bound --the inferior upper bound --the inferior border of mandibleborder of mandibleAnte-lower bound -- the Ante-lower bound -- the anterior belly of digastricanterior belly of digastricPost-lower bound -- the Post-lower bound -- the posterior belly of digastric posterior belly of digastric Its basic floor -- Its basic floor -- constituded of mylohyoid, constituded of mylohyoid, hyoglossushyoglossus, superior , superior constrictor of pharynx and constrictor of pharynx and so on.so on.Local anatomy of Local anatomy of the cervical partthe cervical partsubmandibular submandibular triangletriangle  Contents Contents ：：Submandibular glandSubmandibular glandsubmandibular lymph submandibular lymph nodesnodesexternal maxillary external maxillary arteryarteryvena facialis anteriovena facialis anteriolingual nervelingual nerve Wharton Wharton ductducthypoglossal nervehypoglossal nerveLocal anatomy of Local anatomy of the cervical partthe cervical partsubmandibular submandibular triangletriangle  Cervical section of the tracheaCervical section of the tracheaLocal anatomy of Local anatomy of the cervical partthe cervical partsubmandibular submandibular triangletriangle  Layer :Layer :Layer :Layer :( ( ( (from superficial to deepfrom superficial to deepfrom superficial to deepfrom superficial to deep) ) ) ) * * * * skinskinskinskin* superficial fascia* superficial fascia* superficial fascia* superficial fascia* * * * superficial layer of superficial layer of superficial layer of superficial layer of the deep fascia of neckthe deep fascia of neckthe deep fascia of neckthe deep fascia of neck* * * * middle layer of the middle layer of the middle layer of the middle layer of the deep fascia of neckdeep fascia of neckdeep fascia of neckdeep fascia of neckCervical section Cervical section of the tracheaof the tracheaLocal anatomy of Local anatomy of the cervical partthe cervical part  adjacentadjacent：：linea alba linea alba cervicaliscervicalisthyroid glandthyroid glandcommon carotid common carotid arteryarteryEsophagusEsophagusrecurrent recurrent laryngeal nervelaryngeal nerveLocal anatomy of Local anatomy of the cervical partthe cervical partCervical section Cervical section of the tracheaof the trachea  guxh@  Arrangement of Lab. or Arrangement of Lab. or clinical studyclinical studyGroup 1&4 -1st Aff Hospital, Ward of Oral-Maxillofacial Surg, 7th floor Building 3 Chief Tutor: Prof Liu Jianhua 13588890251Group 2&5 -2nd Aff Hospital, Ward of Oral-Maxillofacial Surg, Ground floor Building 1 Chief Tutor: Dr. Liu Yanming 15967157676， Dr. He di 13958002639Group3&6-divided into 3a,6a(1st),3b,6b(2nd) Nov.21(Wed),13:15-14:50Nov.21(Wed),13:15-14:50 。