Evaluation Research - University of Arizona：评价研究-亚利桑那大学.ppt

Evaluation Research,Kodi D. HavinsAED 615Fall 2006Dr. Franklin,Evaluation Research,Definitions: “Evaluation is the systematic assessment of the worth or merit of some object”“Evaluation is the systematic acquisition and assessment of information to provide useful feedback about some object” (Trochim, 2006),Evaluation Research,Basically is used to provide feedback on an event, organization, program, policy, technology, person, activity, etc.All of these are called “object(s)”It assesses information about the “object” Used heavily in social sciences and government agenciesUsually outcomes influence decision-making process,Research Designs,4 Major Types:Survey ResearchCase StudyField ExperimentSecondary Data Analysis (Garson, n.d.),Procedures,4 Strategies:Scientific-Experimental ModelsManagement-Oriented Systems ModelsQualitative/Anthropological ModelsParticipant-Oriented Models (Trochim, 2006),1. Scientific-Experimental Models,,Take values and methods from the sciences (especially social sciences)Prioritize on the desirability of impartiality, accuracy, objectivity, and validity of the information generated (Trochim, 2006),1. Scientific-Experimental Models,Examples:Tradition of experimental and quasi-experimental designsObjectives-based research that comes from educationEconometrically-oriented perspectives including cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysisRecent articulation of theory-driven evaluation (Trochim, 2006),2. Management-Oriented Systems,2 of the most common:Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Critical Path Method (CPM) (Trochim, 2006),2. Management-Oriented Systems,Examples:Framework (“Logframe”) Model Used widely by U.S. Agency for International Development (Trochim, 2006),3. Qualitative/Anthropological Models,Emphasis on:The importance of observationThe need to retain the phenomenological quality of the evaluation contextThe value of subjective human interpretation in the evaluation process (Trochim, 2006),3. Qualitative/Anthropological Models,Examples:The approaches known in evaluation as naturalistic or “Fourth Generation” EvaluationThe various qualitative schoolsCritical Theory and art criticism approachesThe “Grounded Theory” approaches of Glaser and Strauss (Trochim, 2006),4. Participant-Oriented Models,Emphasize the central importance of the evaluation participants (Trochim, 2006),4. Participant-Oriented Models,Examples:Client-Centered Research Stakeholder ApproachesConsumer-Oriented Research (Trochim, 2006),So, how do you decide which one to use???,Things to keep in mind:,Great evaluators use ideas from each of the 4 strategies as they need themMethodologies needed will and should be variedThis should not be an easy processThere is no simple answer!!! (Trochim, 2006),Types of Evaluations:,There are many different types of evaluations,Types of Evaluations:,2 Important Types:Formative EvaluationSummative Evaluation (Trochim, 2006),1. Formative Evaluation,Purpose:To strengthen or improve the object being evaluated (Trochim, 2006)In other words, to provide useful feedback to for the greater good of the “object”,1. Formative Evaluation,Includes several Evaluation TypesNeeds AssessmentEvaluablitiy AssessmentStructured ConceptualizationImplementation Evaluation Process Evaluation (Trochim, 2006),1. Formative Evaluation,Questions generally asked:What is the definition and scope of the problem or issue, or what’s the question?Where is the problem and how big or serious is it?How should the program or technology be delivered to address the problem?How well is the program or technology delivered? (Trochim, 2006),2. Summative Evaluation,Purpose:To examine the effects or outcomes of some object (Trochim, 2006)In other words, to review the results/conclusions of an “object”,2. Summative Evaluation,Can be subdivided into different categories:Outcome EvaluationsImpact EvaluationCost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit Analysis Secondary Analysis Meta-Analysis (Trochim, 2006),2. Summative Evaluation,Questions generally asked:What type of evaluation is feasible?What was the effectiveness of the program or technology?What is the net impact of the program? (Trochim, 2006),Limitations,Limitations of this type of research include the level of expertise and knowledge of the expert panels If the evaluation is only as good as the knowledge of the expert panel,Journal Article,A Review of Subject Matter Topics Researched in Agricultural and Extension Education,By: Rama B. Radhakrishna & Wenwei Xu,A Review of Subject Matter Topics Researched in Agricultural and Extension Education,Retrieved from: Journal of Agriculture Education http://pubs.aged.tamu.edu/jae/search/default.asp,Purpose of Study,The purpose of the study was to “examine subject matter topics researched in agricultural education over a ten year period”,Objectives,。