过去完成时讲解.ppt

past perfect tense 过去完成时过去完成时知 识回 顾1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.一般过去时一般过去时表示在过去时间里发生的动作或表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态存在的状态强调过去某一特定的时间强调过去某一特定的时间2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.现现在完成在完成时时表示的表示的动动作作发发生在生在 过过去，但去，但侧侧重重对现对现在在产产生的生的结结果或造成的影响，与果或造成的影响，与现现在在有关其其结结构构为为：：“助助动词动词 have（（has））+过过去分去分词词”They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.I had learned 1000 English words till then.构成：助动词构成：助动词had + 过去分词（过去分词（V.pp)用法：用法：1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作或某一动作之前之前完成的动作或状态。

完成的动作或状态在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态完成时态1.他说他以前见过你他说他以前见过你He said that he ______________ (see) you before.had seen2. 到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了By six o’clock they ______________(work) for eight hours.had worked过过去完成去完成时时表示在表示在过过去某一去某一时间时间或或动动作之作之前已前已经发经发生或完成了的生或完成了的动动作，作，即即“过过去的去的过过去（去（ past-in-the-past ））” |--------------|------------>　　　　　　　　　　 那那时时以前以前 那那时时 现现在在 2. 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续动作一直持续 到过去某一时刻。

到过去某一时刻By six o’clock they ____________ (work)for eight hours. When I came to GZ , he _____________(be) there for a long time.用法：用法：1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了had workedhad been3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了By the middle of last month we ______________(live) in Beijing for five years.had lived1. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信到昨晚上，他已写完那封信By yesterday evening he ___________ (write) that letter.2. 他说他说Lin Tao已经走了已经走了He said that Lin Tao ____________(leave)3. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。

当我进来时，他已做完了作业When I came in he ________________(finish) his homework.过去完成时与过去完成时与 by then(截止到那时截止到那时); by 9 o’clock(直直到九点钟到九点钟) by the end of …(在在…结束结束/末之前末之前); by the time…(在在…时之前时之前); up till then (直到那时直到那时); up until last night(直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去had writtenhad lefthad finished3. 过去完成时和过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet 等连用表示过去的过去等连用表示过去的过去用法：用法：例如：例如：1. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了他告诉我说他们队已经赢了He told me that his team _________ already ___________ (win).hadwon2. 她她说她仍没去过说她仍没去过长城。

长城She said that she _______________(not go to) the Great Wall yet.hadn’t been to用法：用法：过去完成时与过去完成时与when, before, as soon as, till/ until 等引导时间状语的从句连用，等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后强调动作发生的时间前后例如：例如：1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了When she got home ,her children ____________(sleep).had slept2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了在他们到达之前电影已经开始了Before they arrived here, the film _________ already ___________ (start).hadstartedLast night, as soon as I _______________　　(finish) my work, I went to sleep.3. 我完成作业了就去睡觉了我完成作业了就去睡觉了had finished构成：构成：主语主语+助动词助动词 had + 过去分词（过去分词（ v-ed） 1.They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 　　　　2.By nine o’clock yesterday evening he hadn’t got home.3.--Had you known anything about our school before you came here?--Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.4.What had your sister been before she became an actress?二、过去完成时的判断依据二、过去完成时的判断依据 1.由由“过去的过去过去的过去”来判定。

来判定 过去完成时表示过去完成时表示“过去的过去过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时这种用法常出现在：这种用法常出现在： 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前前的，要用的，要用过去完成过去完成时时，动作在，动作在后后的要用的要用一般过去时一般过去时如：如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. （（ 1 ）状语从句中）状语从句中（（ 2 ）宾语从句中）宾语从句中当宾语从句的当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时，，且从句的动作且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语等动词后的宾语从句。

如：从句如： She said that she had seen the film before. They explained what had happened.2. 由时间状语来判定由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语与过一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：去完成时连用的时间状语有： （（ 1 ）） by + 过去的时间点如：过去的时间点如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （（ 2 ）） by the end of + 过去的时间点如：过去的时间点如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （（ 3 ）） before + 过去的时间点如：过去的时间点如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 3. 根据上、下文来判定根据上、下文来判定 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.He felt rather tired because he had worked for the whole night.Work out the rule:If we want to talk about two past actions in a sentence, the past perfect tense is used for the (earlier, later) action.earlier1.Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom.What happened first?a.Millie ran back to school.b.Millie left her magazine in the classroom.2.Simon left school late because the football game had started late.What happened first? a.Simon left school late. b.The football game started late.3.Daniel arrived out of breath --- he had gone to the wrong cinema.What happened first? a. Daniel arrived out of breath. b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema.4.Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station.What happened first? a. Amy lost her purse. b. Amy went to the police station.过去完成时典型错误例析：过去完成时典型错误例析： 1.昨晚我们看了电影。

昨晚我们看了电影 a. We had seen the film yesterday evening. b. We saw the film yesterday evening.过去完成时所表示的时间是过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去过去的过去”，，只有在只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它如果时间只如果时间只是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时，是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时而不用过去完成时2．当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了．当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了 a. The film has been on for five minutes when I got there. b. The film had been on for five minutes when I got there.在过去某一时间或动作之前在过去某一时间或动作之前发生或完成了的发生或完成了的动作，要用过去完成时动作，要用过去完成时它的动作的起点为它的动作的起点为过去，终点也为过去过去，终点也为过去，即，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。

而现在完成时的动作起点为过去，终点则为而现在完成时的动作起点为过去，终点则为现在3.到上学期末，他们已学会了五首英语歌曲到上学期末，他们已学会了五首英语歌曲 a. By the end of last term, they have learned five English songs. b. By the end of last term, they had learned five English songs.by the end of last term 意为意为“到上学期末为到上学期末为止止”，显然它是，显然它是“以过去某一时间为终点的以过去某一时间为终点的”，故只能用过去完成时态，不用现在完成时态故只能用过去完成时态，不用现在完成时态4.他昨天见到了Ｂ他昨天见到了Ｂill，他们已有两年没见面了他们已有两年没见面了 a. He saw Bill yesterday. They haven’t met each other for two years. b. He saw Bill yesterday. They hadn’t met each other for two years.“他们没见面他们没见面”是到是到“昨天昨天”为止的（而不是为止的（而不是到现在为止），是过去的过去，故后一个句子到现在为止），是过去的过去，故后一个句子需使用过去完成时态进行表达。

需使用过去完成时态进行表达５．李梅很高兴，因为她期中考试及格了５．李梅很高兴，因为她期中考试及格了　　a. Li Mei was very glad, because she passed the mid-term exam. b. Li Mei was very glad, because she had passed the mid-term exam.当我们表示某动作或存在的状态发生于过去某动当我们表示某动作或存在的状态发生于过去某动作之前时，那么这个动作或状态要用过去完成时作之前时，那么这个动作或状态要用过去完成时态句中pass the mid-term exam 的动作是发的动作是发生在过去动作生在过去动作was very glad 之前的，故之前的，故pass 需用需用had passed表示6.他走进屋他走进屋,打开灯打开灯,然后开始写起来然后开始写起来 a. He had come into the room, turned on the light and began to write. b. He came into the room, turned on the light and began to write.当按顺序陈述过去连续发生的动作时，我们常当按顺序陈述过去连续发生的动作时，我们常常使用一般过去时态。

注意：常使用一般过去时态注意：以上几个动作为以上几个动作为短暂性动作，动作之间几乎没有时间间断短暂性动作，动作之间几乎没有时间间断用所给动词的正确形式填空用所给动词的正确形式填空．．(10’/1)1.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he ________________ (pass away) before she was born.2. She________ already___________ (clean) the blackboard before I entered the classroom.had passed awaycleanedhad句型转换句型转换 (10’/1)1.He had stood up before he cleaned the window. _________ he had stood up, he cleaned the window.2.His father went to Beijing. He arrived home. (用用before合并句子合并句子) His father______ ______ ____ Beijing before he _________ home.Afterhad gone toarrived按要求改写下列句子．按要求改写下列句子．(5’/1)Simon had finished his homework before he watched TV. 否定句：否定句：疑问句：疑问句：肯定回答：肯定回答：否定回答：否定回答：Simon hadn’t finished his homework before he watched TV. Had Simon finished his homework before he watched TV?Yes, he had.No, he hadn’t.选择题选择题(10’/1)1.Millie_____________ some Chinese before she came to China.2.A. learned B. has learned 3.C. learnt D. had learned4.She ___________ the first runner-up prize in a beauty contest before she __________an actress.A. have won, became B. had won, become C. had won, became D. has won, became 改错题改错题(10’1)1.We hadn’t seen something interesting in the park before last Sunday.2. When she woke up this morning, it stopped snowing.anythinghad stopped翻译题翻译题(10’1)1. 在我们到达电影院之前，电影已在我们到达电影院之前，电影已经开始了．经开始了．2. 踢完足球之后我买了瓶果汁．踢完足球之后我买了瓶果汁．The film ________ _________ ________ we _____ to the cinema._________ I ________ _________ football, I _________ a bottle of juice.hadbeforegotbegunAfterhadplayedbought用所给动词的正确形式填空用所给动词的正确形式填空．．(10’/1)1. He_______________ (turn off) the lights before he left the classroom.2. _________ your parents _______(have) lunch when you arrived at home?had turned offHadhadGood byeGood byeThank you!Thank you!。