高一英语《英语句子...ppt

英语句子基本结构及成分subjectobjectverbdirect objectindirect object主语(S)谓语(V) 宾语(O)直接宾语(O)间接宾语(IO)complementadverbial状语（A)补语(C)appositive同位语（AP)predicative表语（P)attributive定语（AT)（一）简单句的五种基本句型1.主语+不及物动词：( S V)She came．My head aches. The bell rang.2.主语+联系动词+表语(SVC)联系动词 一 be动词类： is am are was were 二 表示变化类：become get turn grow go 三 感官动词类: look sound smell taste feel appear seem 四 表示延续性的动词 ：remain 、stay 、keep He is a student.His face turned red.The apple tastes sweet.The soldier keeps still.3.主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO）I don’t believe the story . (S) (V) (O) He said that he wanted to be a pilot. (S) (V) (O)4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾 语+直接宾语）(SVOiO)• e.g. My father bought me a car.------My father bought a car for me• He gave me three yuan.• ------He gave three yuan to me5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语 +宾补）(SVOC)Tom made the baby laugh.We want to have the desk repaired. *Note: Verbs such as think, feel, find, keep, see, hear, believe ,call, elect, make,let,have etc. often use this pattern.S+V+A（状语）He stood there in surprise. (S) ( V ) ( A) ( A) A new hairdressing salon has opened near your home. (S) ( V ) ( A) Before shampooing, brush your hair thoroughly. • ( V ) ( O) ( A)同位语(Appositive) 位于名词或代词后面，补充说明它们的 性质和情况 We young people are like the sun at eight or nine in the morning. He himself will do the experiment. She is the youngest among us three. He told me the news that he had joined the party. Some subjects, such as physics and biology are very difficult to learn.Attributive定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。

Short hair with curls will make the face look longer.The way he talked left all the people present a deep impression.He is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.1、He fell in love with the pretty girl2、The children are listening quietly3、He runs fast in the street 4、We found a cat lying under the chairPractice makes perfectSVOSVVVSSAAAOOC5、 The six students keep their hands behind their backs6、What he said just now is right7、We saw the singer walking in the street SSSVVVOOOCAOCP8、This is Miss Chen，our math teacher 。

9、We students should work hard10、He believes that he will succeedSSSVVVOAPPAP P11. The teacher taught us some grammar rules.S V IO O 12. When I was in Hong Kong, I often had meals A S A V O in the fast food restaurant.A（二）句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分句子 成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补 足语和同位语句子的具体成分• 主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述 的主体，一般位于句首但在there be结 构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装 句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词 后面主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定 式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句 等表示。

1 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）2 We often speak English in class.（代词）3 One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）4 To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）5 Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）6 The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）7 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）8 It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）谓语(predicate)谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后谓语的构成如下：• 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示 Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours? （代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby is playing football.（动名词 ）The machine must be out of order.（ 介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）宾语(object)宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后 面。

例如：They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语补足语(complement of object)英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾 语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句 子的意义完整带有宾语补足语的一般句 型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+ 宾补）宾补可由形容词、副词、名词、 不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）定语(attributive)修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

定语可由以下等 成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词 ）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（ 不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（ 动名词）He is reading an article about 。