高一虚拟语气详解.pdf

第六次虚拟语气虚拟语气 : 动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等. 一：语气的种类⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a mother she is! 她是多好的一位母亲啊！⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令如：Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了Don ’t (you) forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试二：名词性从句中的虚拟语气1. 在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气① 从句动作与wish 同时发生：从句用过去式did 或 were I wish I knew the answer to the question. I wish I were a bird. ②从句动作发生在wish 之前：从句用过去完成时（肯定句也可用could+have gone）. I wish I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。

事实上已浪费了) He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会其实已失去 ) 例题： I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. sleptC. might have slept D. have slept ③从句动作发生在wish 之后：从句用“would/should/could/might + do. I wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停止事实上雨还在下着呢) I wish she would change her mind.我希望她会改变主意2. 在表示建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气常用的此类动词有：要求 ：ask, desire, request, demand, require 命令、主张 ：order, command, insist 提议、劝告、建议： propose, suggest, recommend, advise He insisted that we (should ) tell him the truth. When I suggested that he try the new way, he said no.注意： She insists that she is right. (表 “ 认为 ” ,相当于 think, believe, 不用虚拟语气) His pale face suggests that he is ill. ( 表 “ 表明 ,暗示 ” 时不用虚拟语气) ) 例题：It is politely requested by the hotel that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night. A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not play 3. would rather 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。

I would rather he came tomorrow. John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening. 注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather 后用动词原形. I would rather stay at home today ．I ’ d rather have met her yesterday.(I’ d like to have met her yesterday, but I didn’ t.)②would rather ． ． ．than． ． ．中用动词原形. I would rather stay at home than go out today ．4. “ had hoped ”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 “had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+ 动词原形 ” I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China. 5.“ It is /was +形容词 /过去分词+ that ⋯⋯” 结构中 ,主语从句中使用虚拟语气 结构中形容词/过去分词是表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等, 其后的主语从句的谓语用虚拟语气, 形式为 : (should) ＋do 常用的形容词：natural (自然的 ), appropriate ( 适当的 ), advisable ( 合适的 ), preferable (更可取的 ), necessary (必须的 ), important ( 重要的 ), urgent（紧迫的）常用的过去分词: required (需要的 ), demanded (要求 ), requested (被请求的 ), desired (要求 ) suggested (建议 ), recommended (推荐 ) orderd (命令 ) It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school. 6. 虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中表示建议 , 请求 , 命令的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句用虚拟语气，形式为(should)＋do. 这类名词常见的有： demand (要求 ), desire ( 请求 ),requirment ( 要求 ) order ( 命令 ), advice ( 劝告 ), recommendation ( 建议 ), suggestion (建议 ), proposal (提议 ), plan (计划 ), idea (办法 ) We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off．我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。

My advice/ My idea is that we (should) leave at once. 三. 状语从句中的虚拟语气1. if 引导的条件句中if 从句主句与现在事实相反过去时 (did/ were) would/ should/ could/ might + do 与过去事实相反过去完成时 (had done) would/ should/ could/ might + have done 与将来事实可能相反过去时 / should+do / were +to do would/ should/ could/ might + do If I were you, I would accept his offer. If he had listened to me, he would have succeeded. If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 注意 : ①条件句中可把if 省掉 ,提前 had, should, were 构成倒装 . Were I you, ⋯Had he listened to me,⋯Should it rain tomorrow, ⋯②without( 若没有 ), but for ( 要不是 ) otherwise(否则 ), but 等可用来表虚拟. Without / But for your help, I couldn ’ t have succeeded. It rained yesterday, otherwise I would have gone to the party. I could have gone to the party, but it rained yesterday. ③错综时间句: 若主句和从句的动作不同时发生, 则要根据具体的时间分别考虑. If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now. (从句与过去相反用过去完成时; 主句与现在相反用would/ should/ could/ might + do) 2. as if/ as though 引导的从句中①若从句动作与主句动作同时发生, 则从句用过去时. He looked as if he were drunk. ②若从句动作发生在主句动作之前, 则从句用过去完成时. He talked as if he had been to the Mars. ③若从句动作发生在主句动作之后, 则从句用would/ should/ could/ might + do. 注意 : as if/ as though 引导的从句中也常用陈述语气, 表可能性较大 . It looks as if it is going to rain. It seems as if they are in a hurry. 3. in case (万一 ), lest (惟恐 ), for fear that ( 惟恐 )引导的状语从句中, 有时用 should,表 “ 万一 ”Take an umbrella in case it should rain. He started early for fear that he should / might be late. 4. so that, in order that 引导的状语从句中, 谓语常用can, could, may, might + do. I started early so that I could catch the early bus. 四. 定语从句中的虚拟语气在 It is（high /about）time 后边的 that 从句中，动词用过去式，表示早该做某事了。

例： Don ’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. must give up 答案： B 五. if only 特殊结构 : if only ⋯ “ 要是 ⋯就好了 ” , 与现在相反 ,用过去时 ; 与过去相反 ,用过去完成时; 与将来相反 ,可用 would/ should/ could/ might + do. If only I were young! If only I had me。