非谓语动词的运用和比较.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词的运用与比较,不定式,动名词,分词,非谓语动词,一、,非谓语动词的句法功能,在句中成分,主,宾,表,宾补,定,状,不定式,分词,动名词,X,X,X,X,二,.,句法功能的区别：,1 主语,动名词,不定式,In many countries,shaking,ones head means“no”and,nodding,means“yes”.,To write a science fiction,is his wish.,Its dangerous to play with fire.,It is no good _(argue)with him about that.,arguing,在含有no,常用动名词短语作主语eg.,It is no use doing.;,It is no good doing,2.表语,不定式,动名词,分词,The story is,moving,.,A way of saying“I am hungry”is,patting,the stomach before a meal.,My task this class is,to teach,you how to grasp the grammar.,3.宾语,动名词,不定式,习惯接动名词作宾语的有：,mind,finish,enjoy,avoid,consider,practice,suggest,advise,miss,appreciate,imagine,put off,keep(on),give up,insist on,be used to,look forward to,stick to,devote ones life to,be busy,be worth,cant help,excuse,escape,admit(承认)，delay,risk,object to（反对）,pay attention to,etc.,习惯于后接动词不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词有：,wish,hope,expect,promise,pretend,decide,manage,refuse,learn,agree,plan,offer,long,demand,help,prepare,determine,intend,etc.,动名词与不定式的不同含义：,be afraid to do,不敢、害怕、胆怯去做某事,be afraid of doing,担心、恐怕出现,We are never afraid to lay down our lives for the right cause.,为了正义的事业我们绝不怕牺牲自己的生命。

She was afraid of waking her husband up.,2)forget to do sth.,忘记去做某事（未做）,forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事（已做）,The light in the office is off.It was she,who turned it off,but she herself forgot _(turn)it off.,The light in the office is still on.She forgot _(turn)it off.,turning,to turn,3)remember to do sth.,记着去做某事（未做）,remember doing sth.记着做了某事（已做）,Do you remember _(meet)me at a party,last year?,You must remember _(leave)tomorrow.,4)stop to do sth.,stop doing sth.,meeting,to leave,5)regret to do sth.,遗憾地说/告诉=be sorry to say/to tell,regret doing sth.后悔做了,I regret _(tell)that you didnt pass the,exam again.,I regret _(tell)her the bad news.,6)try to do sth.,try doing sth.,We tried _(persuade)him to go with us,but he wouldnt listen.,Lets try _(do)the work in some other way.,to tell,telling,to persuade,doing,7)mean to do sth.,mean doing sth.,If it means _(delay)more than a week,Ill not wait.,I mean _(go),and nothing can stop me.,8)go on to do sth.,go on doing sth.,9）cant help doing sth.,情不自禁，不禁,cant help(to)do sth.,不能帮忙做,delaying,to go,10).permit/allow/advise/forbid/encourage/report/recommend+doing sth.+sb.to do sth.,11).start/begin/continue/like/love/hate +to do sth.,+doing sth.,但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却有被动含义,The house,requires/needs/wants,repairing,.,The book,is worth,reading,.,4.定语,动名词,分词,不定式,Do you know the man,talking with a black,there?,The,carrying pole,reminds me of our bitter days in the past.,There will be many people,to help you,.,=who is talking,The pole for carrying things(扁担）,The house,to be built next year,being built now,built last year,Cf.,is our school.,3.现在分词和过去分词,falling leaves,fallen leaves,exiting news,exited students,-ing 令人;-ed 表示所修饰词本身的特征,a disappointing voice;a disappointed voice,注:1),现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词的表示的动作几乎同时发生。

如两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句The teacher criticized the student,who,had broken the window.,Yesterday,mother told me an event,which happened five years ago?,2).不定式作定语,He thought out a plan _(punish)Tom.,He is always the last _(come)to office,Please give me a knife _(cut),with,.,作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词5.宾语补足语,不定式,分词,使役动词,：make,have,let,etc.,感觉动词,：hear,listen to,see,watch,notice,observe,look at,find,feel,etc.,Its cold out side,we,had,the fire,burning,all night.,Mum,had,him,wash,the plates.,I saw him,go,upstairs.,I saw him,going,upstairs,（,已经上去了，全过程,）,（,此刻的行为,）,注：不能用不定式作宾补的动词：,hope,suggest,agree,insist,plan,suppose,demand,think,announce,refuse,make 后不能用doing作宾补,She is often listened _(sing)the song.,6.状语,不定式,分词,1.Every day he climbed to a high rock near his,cave,to keep watch,.,2.Two years later,her father disappeared,never,to return.,3.Im very glad,to have this stamp again,.,4.It is too dark for us,to see anything,in the room.,5.He is old enough,to look after himself,.,目的,结果,原因,程度,程度,不定式主要作目的，结果和程度状语,1).Once fleeing Germany,Einstein went first,to France,then to Belgium,2).Being a shy man,Einstein didnt attend the great celebration.,3).The trainer appeared,followed by six little dog.,4).Given more time,I can do it better.,时间,原因,方式，伴随,条件,分词在句中主要作时间，原因，方式或伴随，条件，让步，结果状语。

分词和不定式作结果状语,Tonys father died,leaving him a lot of money.,He went home,only to find his money stolen.,现在分词和过去分词作状语,He lay on the ground,looking,at the sky.,Once published,his work became famous for,the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.,The game _(interest)the boys.,The boys are _ the game.,The game is _.,I wonder why football _ boys.,A.has interestedB.is interested in,C.interesting D.interested,_(excite)at the news,the boys rushed to watch the game.,_(Fill)with joy,I started off.,interests,interested in,interesting,A,Excited,Filled,Can you do the following?,generally speaking,judging from,talking of,supposing,considering,compared with,注1,：,分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。

注2,：表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导注3,：有时，”with+名词（或代词宾格）+分词”的结构表示伴随状况注4,:当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时。