聚焦高考和教材中的it.docx

    聚焦高考和教材中的it    杨武it是一个很活跃的词，是代词学习的重点、难点在高中教科书和高考试卷中，it出现的频率很高（特别是在阅读材料中），意义也很广泛首先我们来看看近几年高考题中有关it的内容1. If it werent for Rachel Carson， the environmental movement might not exist today. （2016年全国I卷， A篇）2. By the time the group got up to leave， it was pouring outside. （2016年全国III卷 ，B篇）3. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out， particularly when there are reasons to do so.（2016年北京卷，D篇）4. As Muhammad Ali puts it， “Champions arent made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them.” （2016年江苏卷，D篇）5. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isnt always easy. （2015 年全国 I卷，A篇）6. More students than ever before are taking a gap year（间隔年） before going to university. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university. （2015 年全国 II卷，C篇）7. It seemed that something clicked with the girls between Saturday and Sunday. （2015年 全国 II卷，完形填空）8. Late in the evening， the phone rang. It was a stranger. （2014 年全国 II卷，A篇）下面，我们结合教科书中的典型例句从七个方面对it的用法进行简要的归纳和总结，以帮助同学们更好地学习和掌握it的用法。

1. 用来指代时间、天气、距离、地点、自然环境等如：（1） It is toward the end of the nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in Alaska.（必修4，P18 ）（2） It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. （选修 6，P18 ）（3） It is pouring with rain and cab whistles are blowing in all directions. （选修 8，P29 ）（4） Its approximately four hundred kilometres northeast of Toronto， so it would take too long. （必修3，P38）2. 用来指代人，说明做某事的人或某人的身份或指代一个不知其性别的人如：It is Henry Adams， an American businessman， who is lost in London and does not know what he should do. （必修 3，P17）3. 指代前面提到的一件东西或一件事情。

如：（1） By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850， it was already a multicultural society. （选修8，P2）（2） It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. （必修 4，P34）（3） Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. （必修 5，P34）4. 泛指一般情况或在某些结构中用作无具体意义的主语如：（1）...if we hadnt taken it easy， ... （必修 6，P10 ）（2）Believe it or not， there is no such thing as standard English. （必修1，P13 ）（3）Thirdly， it would be a good idea if ... （必修 1，P 7）（4）It was all my fault. I didnt know whether I could survive until morning. （必修 3，P18）（5）It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. （必修 1，P34） （6）Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. （必修4，P6）5. 用作形式主语或形式宾语，指代一个由不定式、动名词短语或是从句表示的主语，目的是使原来的这些主语位于句后，避免句子前大后小，头重脚轻。

如：（1）It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career， travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. （必修4，P6 ）（2）It is possible to “read” others around us， even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. （必修 4，P30）（3）We can often be wrong about each other， so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do！ （必修 4，P30 ）（4）However， it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. （选修 8，P2 ）特别提示：it 指代从句的几种常见句型。

1） It seems （happened， appeared， turned out） + that...如：It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves， shelves and narrow passages with my underwater flashlight... （选修 7，P24）（2） It is （was） /seems（seemed） + adj. +that... 如：① But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. （选修 6，P2）② It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. （选修 6，P6）③ It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon. （选修 6，P18）能用于这种句型的形容词常常是strange， natural， surprising， obvious， true， good， wonderful， funny， fortunate， clear， unusual等。

3） It is （was） + 名词（词组） + that（how...） 如：It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. （必修 5，P10 ）能用于这一句型的名词词组还有a shame， an honor， a wonder， a good thing， good news等4） It is （ was/ has been…） + 过去分词+ that... 如：① For example， it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. （必修2，P5 ）② It is said that this boy， who had a great gift for languages and persuasion， is the father of the Manchu people. （选修 6，P39）③ It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，... （选修8，P3）能用于这一句型的过去分词还有announced， decided， said， hoped， expected， told， suggested等。

6. 用来引导强调结构it引导的强调结构句型是It + is（was） +被强调部分 + that（who， whom） +其他如： （1） It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick. （选修 6，P22 ）（2） It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. Her guests had seen everything ！ （。