E英语教程第三册Unit3翻译及课后答案课堂PPT.ppt

Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express课程简介课程简介•课程名称：E英语教程•课程类型：本科专业必修课•适用专业：艺术类•学时与学分：48学时 2学分邮件：邮件：tellme@tellme@ 2Listening and speakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressContent3Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expresslPronunciation and listening skills lConversationslPassageListening and speaking4Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPronunciation and listening skills Listen to some sentences and mark the intonations with ↗ or ↘. Tips语调(intonation)，即说话的腔调, 就是一句话里声调高低, 抑扬轻重的配置和变化。

英语的基本语调包括升调(↗)和降调(↘)选择疑问句的前半句和一般疑问句的句尾多用升调陈述句、特殊疑问句、感叹句和表示命令的祈使句句尾多用降调1 What do you want to eat? ____2 What a good idea! ____ 3 Don’t make a noise! ____ 6 Do you like this one ____ or that one? ____ 5 Would you like some desert? ____4 It is raining outside. ____ ↗ ↗↗ ↗↘ ↘↘ ↘↘ ↘↘ ↘↘ ↘5Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressConversationslConversation 1lConversation 2Functional languageExercisesExercisesFunctional language6Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1.1. Listen to a conversation and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Word tipsI beg your pardon 请原谅；对不起not hold water （借口、陈述等）站不住脚idiot n. 傻瓜；笨蛋unacceptable adj. 不能接受的Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responses 7Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1.1. Listen to a conversation and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responses 1 What is the relationship between Sharon and Daniel?A Teacher and student.B Boyfriend and girlfriend. C Mother and son.2 Why is Daniel late today?A Because of the heavy traffic. B Because of the bad weather. C Because he got up late.3 Which statement is NOT true about Daniel?A He is often late for the dates with Sharon. B He has hurt Sharon’s feelings. C His apology is accepted by Sharon.✔✔✔8Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express2.2. Listen again and complete the following sentences with what you hear. Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responses1. Hey, sweetie, I do ______________ for being late again.2. Daniel, you know, I really hate this! I can’t stand you anymore, you always _________________! 3. Darling, please excuse me, give me a chance to explain. I ___________ in the traffic jam. 4. You know what, you always have reasons. But every time, your excuses don’t hold any water. Please, don’t ___________ an idiot. beg your pardonleave me waitinggot caught treat me as9Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express Sharon: Daniel:Sharon:ScriptsConversation 1 - Making apologies & responsesDaniel:Hey, sweetie, I do beg your pardon for being late again. Sharon: Daniel, you know, I really hate this! I can’t stand you anymore, you always leave me waiting!Daniel:Darling, please excuse me, give me a chance to explain. I got caught in the traffic jam. Sharon: You know what, you always have reasons. But every time, your excuses don’t hold any water. Please, don’t treat me as an idiot. 10Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express Sharon: Daniel:Sharon:ScriptsConversation 1 - Making apologies & responsesDaniel:Honey, I’m so sorry, I didn’t mean to anger you. You know how terrible the traffic jam can be on Sunday morning.Sharon: Enough, Daniel! It’s easy to say sorry. Last week it was the bad weather; today it’s the heavy traffic. I won’t listen to your excuses anymore.Daniel:Sharon, come on. I know I’ve hurt your feelings. I promise it’ll never happen again.Sharon: Oh, no, no, Daniel, I don’t need your promise! Your apology is unacceptable. It’s over between us.11Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language. Situation 1A and B are close friends. A has forgotten B’s birthday since he / she has been very busy recently.Situation 2A runs across his / her supervisor B on campus. B warns A that he /she is about to miss the deadline for submitting the graduation design.(Sample)(Sample)Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responses12Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language. GUIDED CONVERSATIONA: Greet B. B: Tell A something he / she has failed to do. A: Apologize for that. B: Tell A you are not happy about it. A: Say sorry again and explain the reason. B: Show understanding and accept A’s apology. A: Give B your promise. Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responses13Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressRole play - Sample conversationSituation 1Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responsesJack: Hello, buddy!Mike:Hi, Jack. You didn’t show up at my birthday party last Friday.Jack: What? Your birthday was last Friday?Mike:Yes. I expected you to come over to celebrate with me. I called you several times, but you didn’t pick up your phone.Jack: I do beg your pardon for forgetting your birthday.14Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressRole play - Sample conversationSituation 1Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responsesJack: I had to see my dentist last Friday, because my toothache was killing me. I had totallyforgotten about your birthday and I didn’t take my phone with me. I apologize.Mike:OK. Your apology is accepted. How is your tooth now?Jack: It’s fine. I’ll make up for my mistake, anyway.Mike: Several friends kept asking why you didn’t show up since we are best friends. It was veryembarrassing.15Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressRole play - Sample conversationSituation 2Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responsesElizabeth: Good afternoon, Mr. Brown.Mr. Brown: Good afternoon, Elizabeth. Your graduation design is due this afternoon by 17:00, but you haven’t submitted it yet.Elizabeth:I’m sorry, sir. I will try my best to finish it as soon as possible.Mr. Brown:It’s almost 15:30 now. Can you finish it on time? If you can’t meet the deadline, youwon’t graduate as you planned.16Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressRole play - Sample conversationSituation 2Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responsesElizabeth: Please excuse me. There was something wrong with my computer last week. Thework that I had done was totally lost and I had to start all over again. I’m almost done.Mr. Brown: All right. Since you have your reason, I will extend the deadline till tomorrow morningat 8:00.Elizabeth:Great. Thank you so much. I promise to submit my work tonight.17Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressFunctional LanguageMaking apologiesResponsesI do beg your pardon for… No harm done. My mistake. It won’t happen again.No problem. We all make mistakes.It was so stupid of me. I really do apologize. Never mind.Please excuse me. Give me a chance to explain. Forget it. It really doesn’t matter at all. Forgive me, I didn’t mean to offend / anger you. Please accept my apology for any trouble my mistake has caused you. Conversation 1 - Making apologies & responses18Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1.1. Listen to a conversation and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Word tipsbring sth. up 提起stereo system n. 立体声音响（设备） awake adj. 醒着的awfully adv. 非常owe sb. an apology 该向某人致歉occur to 浮现于脑海中；被想到bother v. 打扰straighten sth. out 解决（问题）Conversation 2 - Making apologies & responses19Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressF1.1. Listen to a conversation and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1.Ken looks tired because he had a party last night.2.Mary didn’t sleep well last night.3.Ken often plays music loudly till late at night.Conversation 2 - Making apologies & responsesTF20Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express2. Last night, Ken held a party with ______. A. Mary B. his friends C. his girlfriend1. Mary was sleepless for ______ A. several hours B. one hour C. the whole night 3. Ken is _______ that Mary has talked to him about what happened. A. unhappy B. glad C. disappointed2.2. Listen again and choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences. A BBConversation 2 - Making apologies & responses21Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressScriptsConversation 2 Conversation 2 – Expressing hope & desire– Expressing hope & desireMary:Good morning, Ken! Ken:Good morning, Mary! You look tired. What’s wrong with you? Mary:Ken, I hate to bring this up, but that new stereo system you got... Ken:Yeah?Mary:You were playing it very late last night. Ken:Yes, some of my friends and I were having a party. Mary:It kept me awake.Ken:Oh, I’m sorry. I don’t know how that could have happened.22Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressScriptsConversation 2 Conversation 2 – Expressing hope & desire– Expressing hope & desireMary:Actually, it kept me awake for a couple of hours.Ken:I’m awfully sorry. I… I didn’t realize it was that loud.Mary:It was quite loud, and it was pretty late. I’ve got to get up early in the morning, so I thought I’d better talk to you.Ken:I owe you an apology for what I did last night. It simply didn’t occur to me that it was bothering you. I promise I’ll keep it down in the future.Mary:It’s OK. You know, it only happened once.Ken:I’m glad we’ve straightened everything out.23Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language. Situation 1Two art major students A and B arranged to meet in the school piano room, but A is stopped by the heavy rain. Situation 2A and B arranged to visit the Art Show at 12 o’clock, but A is caught in the traffic jam.GUIDED CONVERSATIONA: Tell B you will be late. B: Ask A about the reason. A: Give the reason and apologize. B: Accept A’s apology. A: Show thanks for B’s understanding. B: Tell A you’ll wait for him / her. (Sample)(Sample)Conversation 2 - Making apologies & responses24Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressRole play - Sample conversationSituation 1Conversation 2 Conversation 2 – Expressing hope & desire– Expressing hope & desireAmy:Hello, Gary. I’m sorry that I have to be late for our meeting.Gary:What happened, Amy?Amy:I missed the bus. It is raining heavily, and I can’t find a taxi.Gary:Really? I’m in the piano room and didn’t notice the rain.Amy:I’m so sorry for letting you wait. I should have left home earlier.Gary:It’s not your fault. Don’t worry about it.Amy:Thanks for your understanding. I do owe you an apology for being late.Gary:It really doesn’t matter. I will wait for you.25Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressRole play - Sample conversationSituation 2Conversation 2 Conversation 2 – Expressing hope & desire– Expressing hope & desireBill:Hi, Dave. I’m sorry I’ll be late for the art show.Dave:What’s the matter, Bill?Bill:I’m caught in the traffic jam now. The cars ahead move very slowly. There’s no way to make it on time.Dave:Oh, that’s too bad.Bill:I shouldn’t have picked this road. I do beg your pardon for being late.Dave:Think no more of it. It happens sometimes.Bill:Thank you so much for your understanding.Dave:Take it easy. I will wait for you at the gate.26Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressFunctional LanguageMaking apologiesResponsesI’m sorry I’ll be late. I shouldn’t have done that.I honestly didn’t mean it. I didn’t mean it that way. I don’t know how that could have happened. I owe you an apology for what I did. It’s not your fault.Don’t worry about it.Think no more of it. Don’t give it another thought. OK. I accept your apology. Conversation 2 - Making apologies & responses27Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1.1. Listen to a passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Word tipspuppy love n. 少年初恋harmless adj. 无害的distract v. 使分心；分散（注意力） crush n.热恋的对象Passage1 What do Westerners think of the influence of puppy love on teenagers’ life? A Harmful and unhealthy. B Harmless and healthy. C Distracting.✔28Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassageA Puppy love can help students to become responsible persons. B Puppy love gives the young a chance to learn about love. C Puppy love helps a teenager to be a better son or daughter. 2 According to the speaker, which of the following statements is true?✔1.1. Listen to a passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 29Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage3 What is the speaker’s opinion on puppy love?A It is healthy and can help students achieve success at school. B It distracts students from their studying, so it should be forbidden. C It is beautiful but it’s not the most important thing for the young to consider. ✔1.1. Listen to a passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 30Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express2.2. Listen again and decide whether the following statements are true (F) or false (T). Passage1 Puppy love is common among students in the West, but not in the East. 2 Chinese parents and teachers see puppy love as bees at a family picnic. 3 Students are often too young to understand true love according to the speaker. 4 Young people should try to be the best persons they can be before true love comes. FTFT31Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPuppy love is common among students all over the world. In the West people think puppy love is a harmless and healthy part of a teenager’s life—harmless, sure, like bees at a family picnic! In China, parents and teachers think it is a problem: It can distract students from achieving success at school.Well, puppy love is distracting! But then again, it gives the young a chance to learn about true love. Puppy love is natural and beautiful; it can help you later in life when you meet your Mr. or Ms. Right, it can make you a better person so that you know how to use your love to help other people.ScriptsPassage32Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressIf you find yourself “in love,” it’s OK but... wait! Right now, you have a lot more important things to do. Think of these questions: Will you still love him or her 10 years later? Do you have enough education to find a good job and live a happy life with your crush in the future? What would you do if you find someone better than your crush? I bet you are not sure of the answers. Why? Because you’re too young to understand true love!True love will come when you’re much older. Now, you should try to be the best person you can be, and do the very best you can. That means doing well at school and being a good son or daughter first. ScriptsPassage33Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express3.3. Work in groups to share your opinions on puppy love, and choose a representative to give a report to the class. Passage34Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expresslPassage AlPassage BLove is never lostThe Taj Mahal in India: A Monument to LoveReading35Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressLove is never lostlLead-inlText studylExercisesPassage A36Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostLead-inlExtended readinglPre-reading questionslVideo appreciation37Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostLead-in- Video appreciation38Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressLove is never LostLove is never LostI was in love with the most amazing man in the world. When we were in love time seemed like eternity, every second spent together wasn't wasted. Yet some day I knew it would end. Letting go was the hardest thing in the world, the only thing that let me do it was my love for him, true love is when you will do anything to make the other happy, and that was my great sacrifice, I knew he would want me happy. For years I was afraid to look into another man's eyes, for I was afraid to see yours staring back... I was afraid to laugh because I wouldn't be laughing withPassage A – Love is never lostLead-in- Extended reading39Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressyou... I was afraid nothing would ever feel as good again, that I would call out your name instead of his. Years and years I was afraid but I'm not any longer, I have accepted the reality that you will be there forever, in my mind, engraved into my soul. I have lost... and because I lost I waited but nothing came, I feared but there was nothing to fear, I grieved until my tears had completely dried up, I tried then to rejoice, but I could not.Passage A – Love is never lostLead-in- Extended reading40Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressAnd I realized time stops for no one; Time is too slow for those who wait, too swift for those who fear, too long for those who grieve, too short for those who rejoice, but for those who love, time is eternity. Because I have loved I will spend eternity with him, when my body is found at his grave, it will be a shock for no one... It was our love that brought us together.Passage A – Love is never lostLead-in- Extended reading41Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1. “Love never dies a natural death. It dies of blindness, and errors and betrayals (背叛). It dies of weariness (厌倦), of withering (枯萎), of tarnishing (变暗淡).” Do you agree with the quotation? Why or why not? Passage A – Love is never lostPre-reading questionsWork in groups to discuss the following questions.1. I agree with the quotation. At the very beginning of love, what the lovers feel may be just excitement and happiness. However, as time goes by, they may mot care about each other anymore and may have dispute and quarrels which they can’t deal with properly. Besides, the longer they stay with each other, the wearier they may feel. At that time, love begins to die.42Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostPre-reading questionsWork in groups to discuss the following questions.2. What do you think are the “gains” and “losses” in the process of loving someone?2. In the process of loving someone, we gain happiness and caring from our partner. Besides, we learn how to love others. On the other hand, we, to some extent, lose our freedom during the process, by which I mean we have to sacrifice some of our personal space and time to be together with our partner.43Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostText studylOrganization of the textlLanguage pointslText reading44Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1. If our love is only our will to possesspossess, it is not love. They say it’s better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all. That thought wouldn’t be very comforting to Mike Sanders. He had just been dumped dumped by his girlfriend. Of course, she didn’t put it quite that way. She said, “I do care about you, Mike, and hope we can still be friends.” “Great!” Mike thought, “Still be friends. You, me and your new boyfriend will go to the movies together.” 2. Mike and Angie had been going together since they were freshmenfreshmen. But over the summer, she had met someone else. Now as he entered his senior year, Mike was alone. For three years they shared the same friends and favorite hangoutshangouts. The thought of returning to those surroundings without Angie made him feel empty. ____________________________________________________________Passage ALove is never lost___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________45Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage ALove is never lost3. Football practice usually helped him take his mind off his troubles. Coaches have way of running you until you’re so tired that you can’t really think of anything else. But latelylately, Mike’s heart just wasn’t in it. One day it caught up with him. He dropped passes passes he wouldn’t normally miss and let himself get tackled tackled by guys guys who had never been able to touch him before. Teach him—but gently, if you can. 4. Mike knew better than to have the coach yell yell at him again, so he tried practice instead. As he was running off the field, he was told to report to the coach’s office. 46Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express5. “Girl, family, or school. Which one is bothering bothering you, son?” asked his coach. 6. “Girl,” Mike responded. “How did you guess?”7. “Sanders, I’ve been coaching football since before you were born and every time I’ve seen an all-star play like a j.v. j.v. rookierookie, it’s been because of one of those three things.” 8. Mike nodded. “Sorry, sir. It won’t happen again.” His coach patted patted him on the shoulder. “This is a big year for you, Mike. There’s no reason why you shouldn’t get a full ride to the school of your choice. Just remember to focus on what’s really important. The other things will take care of themselves.” ____Passage ALove is never lost__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________47Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express9. Mike knew his coach was right. He should just let Angie move on with her life. But he still felt hurt, even betrayed. “It just makes me so mad, Coach. I trusted her. I opened myself up to her. I gave her all I had, but what did it get me?” 10. His coach pulled out some paper and a pen from his desk drawerdrawer. “That’s a really good question. What did it get you?” He handed Mike the pen and paper and said, “I want you to think about the time you spent with this girl, and list as many experiences, good and bad, as you can remember. Then I want you to write down the things that you learned from each other. I’ll be back in an hour.” With that, the coach left Mike by himself. Passage ALove is never lost48Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express11. Mike slumped into his chair as memories of Angie flooded his head. He recalled when he had first worked up the nerve to ask her out, and how happy he had been when she said yes. Had it not been for Angie’s encouragement, Mike wouldn’t have tried out for the football team. 12. Then he thought of the fights that they had. Though he couldn’t remember all the reasons for fighting, he remembered the sense of achievement achievement he got from working through their problems. He had learned to communicate and compromisecompromise. He remembered making up after the fights, too. That was always the best part. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage ALove is never lost______________________________________________________________________________________________________49Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage ALove is never lost13. Mike remembered all the times she made him feel strong and needed and special. He filled the paper with their history: holidays, trips with each other, with family, school dances and quiet picnics together. Line by line, he wrote of the experiences they shared, and he realized how she had helped shape his life. He would have become a different person without her. 14. When the coach returned, Mike was gone. He had left a note on the desk that simply read, “Coach, thanks for the lesson. I guess what they say about having loved and lost is true. See you at the practice.” ______________________________________________________50Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostOrganization of the textStructurePart I (Para. ______)Part II (Para. ______)Part III (Para. ______)1-45-1011-14Introduction: Mike breaks up with Angie and feels upset. The coach’s requests: list all of the experiences, good or bad… Mike understands the truth about having loved and lost.51Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostThey say it’s better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all. It is +better + to do A than to do B:It is better to go shopping in the supermarket than to stay at home for idle chat.(Line 2-3, Para. 1)人们说,爱过之后再失去比从未爱过要好。

是不定式的完成时态，表示不定式表示的动作在谓语表示情况之前发生There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me.to have done做事情A要比做事情B好52Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostI do care about you.我真的很在乎你助动词do/does/did 表强调他确实把发生的事情都说了He did tell all that had happened to him.助动词do/does/did放在一般现在时和一般过去时的句子中动词原形前，以强调谓语Line 5, Para. 1)53Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostMike and Angie had been going together since they were freshmen.迈克和安吉从大学一年级就开始谈恋爱了。

为过去完成进行时，表示过去某个时刻之前一直进行的动作或状态Since引导了一个时间状语从句，表示这个动作开始的时间点另外，过去完成进行时还可以和for引导的时间状语连用在他回来之前我们一直等了他一个小时We had been waiting for him for an hour by the time he came.(Line 1, Para. 2)had been doing:54Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostThe thought of returning to those surroundings without Angie made him feel empty.一想到没有了安吉的陪伴，要一个人再回到那些环境中，他就感到空虚一想到尼克，她的喉咙就发紧The thought of Nick made her throat tighten.the thought of: 一想到名词短语做句子的主语，要译成“一想到······”。

The thought of … makes sb. feel empty(Line 5-6, Para. 2)55Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostI’ve been coaching football since…我已经等了一个小时而他还没有出现I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.have been doing: 为现在完成进行时，表示某一动作自过去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在并且有可能继续持续下去现在完成进行时经常和since或for引导的时间状语一起使用Line 1, Para. 7)56Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostI heard you were tracked for a full ride to Kansas State.There’s no reason why you shouldn’t get a full ride to the school of your choice. (Line 3, Para. 8)听说你要被保送到堪萨斯州 。

a full ride:你没有理由不拿到全额奖学金去你想去的大学an all-expenses-paid scholarship 全额奖学金57Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostTake care of the pence and the pound will take care of themselves.take care of…:The other things will take care of themselves. (Line 3, Para. 8)金钱积少便成多 为“照料，照顾”之意，此处不要译为“事情能够自己照顾自己”在文中的意思是“其他事情总会自然解决的”其他的事情都会解决的58Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostHad it not been for Angie’s encouragement, Mike wouldn’t have tried out for the football team. (Line 4, Para. 11)要不是安吉的鼓励，迈克也不会努力争取进入足球队。

本句表示对过去情况的假设，因此用虚拟语气这种情况下的构成形式为：条件从句中的谓语用had+过去分词，主句谓语用would have + 过去分词条件句中的if可以省略，需将had提前，改成倒装语序如果发生了任何事情，他会让我们知道的 Had anything happened, he would have let us know.衍伸：had it not been for/ but for /without…, we wouldn’t have done … 59Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostThough he couldn’t remember all the reasons for fighting, he remembered the sense of achievement he got from working through their peoblems.(Line 1, Para. 12)尽管他不能记起每次争吵的原因，但他记得问题解决以后的成就感。

though:尽管她很累，还是熬着夜在电视上看电影Although she was tired, she stayed up to watch the film on television.引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”，有这种含义的词还有although, while等60Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostHe would have become a different person without her. (Line 6, Para. 13)如果没有她，他不会是现在的样子该句为虚拟语气without her 相当于 if it had not been for her没有你帮助的话，我上周考试可能就通不过了Without your help, I would have failed the exam last week.61Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost恐怕他没有什么幽默感。

I'm afraid he doesn't possess a sense of humor.possessvt. to have or own sth; to have a particular quality or feature 有；具有（特质）n. possession(Line 1, Para. 1)How much money does he possess?62Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost玛姬昨天和丹尼尔分手了Maggie dumped Daniel yesterday.dump1) vt. to end a romantic relationship with sb与（某人）结束 恋爱关系She dumped her bags on the floor.(Line 4, Para. 1)2) vt. to put sth. somewhere in a careless untidy way 乱放；乱堆；乱扔她把包都乱扔在地板上。

63Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost除了自己，他不在乎任何人He doesn’t care about anybody but himself.care aboutto be concerned about what happends to sb., because you like or love them 关心，在意(Line 6, Para. 1)衍伸短语: care for 喜欢，爱 take care 保重，珍重(用于道别) take care of 照顾；处理 with care 小心;用心64Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost马特和米歇尔从4月份开始相恋。

Matt and Michelle have been going together since April.go togetherIf two people are going together, they are having a romantic relationship 恋爱(Line 1, Para. 2)65Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost对大学新生而言洁身自好是很重要的 It's important for the college freshman to keep his nose clean. freshmann. a student in the first year of high school or university（中学或大学的）一年级学生；新手(Line 2, Para. 2)衍伸词语: sophomore 大二；大二学生 junior 大三；大三学生 senior 大四；大四学生 66Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost这家酒吧是学生们最喜欢聚会的地方 。

This bar is a favorite hangout for students.hangoutn. a place sb. likes to go to often 常去的地方(Line 5, Para. 2)衍伸短语：hang out 闲逛，逗留 67Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost你能不能暂时忘掉考试，先好好休息一下？Can you just take your mind off the exam and have a rest?take one’s mind off sth.把某人的注意力从某事物上移走(Line 1, Para. 3)68Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost振作起来吧，这些问题总会有解决的办法。

Cheer up - these problems have a way of working out.have a way of doing sth.used to say that sth. often or usually happens （某事）经常会（总是）以某种形式发生(Line 2, Para. 3)69Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost睡眠不足使她开始打瞌睡The lack of sleep caught up with her, and she began to doze off.catch up with sb.to begin to have an effect on sb. 开始对······产生影响(Line 5, Para. 3)可别再让恐惧迷了你的心窍Now do not let your fear catch up with you.70Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never losttackle1) vt. to try to take the ball away from an opponent in a game such as football （足球等比赛中的）抢（球）,截（球）2008奥运会以来,北京一直设法解决交通拥堵问题。

Beijing officials have been trying to tackle the problem of congestion since the Beijing Olympics in 2008.(Line 7, Para. 3)2) vt. to try to deal with a difficult problem 处理；解决（难题）He was tackled before he had a chance to shoot.在有机会起脚射门之前他的球被断了71Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost她应该知道不要用伞去戳动物She should know better than to poke the animal with her umbrella. know better than明白事理而不至于做······; 很明白(不能去）······(Line 1, Para. 4)她这样的年龄应该知道不该把钱全花在衣服上。

She's old enough to know better than to spend all her money on clothes.72Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost他们大喊着叫他停下They yelled at him to stop.yellv. to shout or say sth. very loudly, especially because you are frightened, angry, or excited （尤因恐惧、愤怒或激动而）叫喊；大嚷大叫 (Line 1, Para. 4)73Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost他忘了我的生日令我很生气It really bothered me that he’d forgotten my birthday.botherv. to make sb. feel slightly worried, upset, or concerned （使）担心；（使）生气；（使）苦恼 (Line 1, Para. 5)74Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost我们会议的重点是妇女权利问题。

Our meeting focuses on the question of women's right.focus oncenter on 聚焦于；集中于(Line 5, Para. 8)他发现他很难把他的注意力集中在一件事情上超过五分钟 He finds it hard to focus his thoughts on one thing for longer than five minutes.同义短语：be centered on; concentrate on 75Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost他宁愿死也不愿向敌人出卖自己的祖国He would rather die than betray his country to the enemy.betray1) to give information about sb/sth to an enemy 出卖,泄密衍伸短语：betray oneself 原形毕露; 暴露自己他辜负了我对他的信任。

He betrayed my trust in him.(Line 3, Para. 9)2) to be disloyal to sb. who loves you or trusts you 背叛；对······不忠76Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost一头扎在床上to slump one's body in the bedslump vt. to fall or lean against sth. because you are not strong enough to stand （因无力站立而）倒下，倚，靠最近以来，电子产品的价格暴跌The price of electronic products slump recently.vi. to fall in price, value, number, etc., suddenly and by a large amount（价格、价值、数量等）骤降，猛跌，锐减(Line 1, Para. 11)77Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lost他半闭双眼,好象在回想什么。

He half-closed his eyes as though trying to recall something.recall1) vt. to remember a particular fact, event, or situation from the past 回想；回忆起2) vt. to order sb to return; to ask for sth to be returned, often because there is sth wrong with it召回;收回（残损货品）凡是次品均应立即收回All substandard products should be recalled promptly.(Line 2, Para. 11)78Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostwork upI worked myself up to accept the challenge.我鼓起勇气接受挑战to develop a particular feeling 激发，激起(Line 2 Para. 11)work up the nerve: 鼓起勇气79Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostwork throughWe should work through the problems rather than avoid them.我们应该解决问题而不是逃避。

to deal with problems or unpleasant feelings 解决（问题）；调整（情绪）(Line 4 Para. 12)80Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostThe president will not compromise on the issue.总统在这个问题上不会妥协v. to reach an agreement in which everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first 妥协；让步衍伸词组：reach a compromise 达成妥协 make a compromise 妥协；折衷；做出让步 reject compromise 拒绝妥协compromise(Line 5, Para. 12)81Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Love is never lostmake upShe is coming to make up with you.她是来与你和解的。

to become friends with sb. again after you have had an arguement 和解；言归于好 (Line 6, Para. 12)82Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – ExerciseslVocabulary & StructurelTranslationlComprehension83Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Comprehension1.1. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1 When Angie said “we can still be friends,” she meant Mike could still be her boyfriend.3 Mike tried out for the football team because of Angie’s encouragement.2 Angie and Mike had been going together for three years.4 Mike’s coach asked Mike to think about the time he had spent with Angie just to embarrass him.5 In the end, Mike accepted the idea that it’s better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all. FTFTT84Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Comprehension2.2. Answer the following questions. 2 What did Mike get from the experiences he shared with Angie? 1 Why was Mike told to report to the coach’s office?85Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Comprehension2.2. Answer the following questions. After being dumped by his girlfriend, Mike didn’t perform well during the football practice. He even dropped passes he wouldn’t normally miss and let himself get tackled by guys who had never been able to touch him before. Mike’s coach noticed his change, so he asked Mike to report to his office.1 Why was Mike told to report to the coach’s office?86Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Comprehension2.2. Answer the following questions. Due to Angie’s encouragement, Mike tried out for the football team. By working through their problems and making up after the fights, he learned to communicate and compromise. Mike still remembered all the times she made him feel strong and needed and special, and he realized how she had helped shape his life. He would have become a different person without her.2 What did Mike get from the experiences he shared with Angie? 87Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Vocabulary and structure1.1. Cross out (✘) the word in each group that does not belong. freshman milkman policeman postman pat nodshakeaction drawer furnitureclosettable hurt betrayedbroken-heartedfeeling✘✘✘✘123488Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1 In high school, I ____________ all the female leads (女主角). 2 Neither of them _____________ a credit card. 3 I don’t __________ the price, so long as the car is in good condition. 4 I ________ seeing a poster on his wall. 2.2. Complete the following sentences with the words and expressions given below. Change the form if necessary. possessesPassage A – Vocabulary and structure recall putwork throughtry out for make up care about catch up with possess care about tried out forrecalled 89Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express5 He is not very musical, to ______ it mildly. 2.2. Complete the following sentences with the words and expressions given below. Change the form if necessary. Passage A – Vocabulary and structure putwork through make up catch up with 6 They are quarreling and __________ by turns. 7 The government must now _____________ the problems of high unemployment. 8 Excessive (过度的) drinking and smoking will ___________ you. making up work throughcatch up with put 90Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1 Ms. Baker shocked her fans with a(n) ______________ that she was quitting the music business. 2 _______________ rose last month to its highest level for over five years. 3 I’ve agreed to help with _______________ for the party. 4 The best ___________ for a cold is to rest and drink a lot of water. 5 In running a company, strict financial ____________ means everything. 3.3. Add the suffix “-ment” to the words given below. Then complete the following sentences with the words thus formed. Change the form if necessary. managearrange employannouncetreatannouncementUnemploymentarrangement treatmentmanagement Passage A – Vocabulary and structure91Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressSample:I care about you, Mike, and hope we can still be friends. I do care about you, Mike, and hope we can still be friends. 1 Our country develop much faster than before. __________________________________________2 He felt hurt, even betrayed. __________________________________________ He did feel hurt, even betrayed. 4. 4. Rewrite the following sentences into emphatic sentences (强调句) by adding “do / does / did.” Our country does develop much faster than before.Passage A – Vocabulary and structure92Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express5 She sings the song well. __________________________________________3 Some people believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace. __________________________________________Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to world peace.4 Be careful when you cross the street. __________________________________________ 4. 4. Rewrite the following sentences into emphatic sentences (强调句) by adding “do / does / did.” Do be careful when you cross the street.She does sing the song well. Passage A – Vocabulary and structure93Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express A girl and a boy were on a motorcycle, speeding through the night. They loved each other a lot. “Slow 1) a little. I’m scared.” the girl yelled. “No, it’s so fun.” “Please, it’s so scary.” “Then say that you love me.” “Fine. I 2) you. Can you slow down now?” “Give me a big hug.” ________down5.5. Complete the following passage by choosing from the words and expressions given below. Do not use any of the words or expressions more than once. gavetake off put on botheringbrakesannouncementlovePassage A – Vocabulary and structurelivediecrashedshortedsurviveddownupmovinglove________drive94Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express The girl 3) him a big hug. “Now can you slow down?” “Can you 4) my helmet and put it on? It’s uncomfortable and it’s 5) me while I drive.” The next day, there was a story in the newspaper. A motorcycle had 6) into a building because its brakes were broken. There were two people on the motorcycle, of whom one died, and the other had 7) . ___________________________5.5. Complete the following passage by choosing from the words and expressions given below. Do not use any of the words or expressions more than once. gavetake off put on botheringbrakesannouncementgavetake offPassage A – Vocabulary and structurelivediecrashedshortedsurvivedupmovingdrive___________botheringcrashed_________survived95Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressThe guy knew that the 8) were broken. He didn’t want to let the girl know, because he knew that the girl would have gotten scared. Instead, he was told the last time that she loved him, got a hug from her, put his helmet on her so that she can 9) . Once in a while, right in the middle of an ordinary life, love gives us a 10) story. _______________ put on brakesPassage A – Vocabulary and structurelivedieshortedupmovingdrive _________ moving brakes live96Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage A – Translation1.1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. If our love is only our will to possess, it is not love. _______________________________________________2. Had it not been for Angie’s encouragement, Mike wouldn’t have tried out for the football team. ________________________________________________如果我们的爱只是一种占有欲，那么它就不是爱。

要不是安吉的鼓励，迈克也不会努力争取进入足球队97Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1 虽然她认为我们说的有道理，但她不愿在此问题上妥协compromise) ______________________________________________________________________________________________2 她时常回想起和朋友们一起度过的快乐时光recall) ______________________________________________________________________________________________2.2. Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the words and expressions given in brackets. Although she thought what we said was reasonable, she was not willing to compromise on this issue.She always recalls the happy time she has spent with her friends.Passage A – Translation98Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express3 如果不是老师的鼓励，我就没勇气参加班长竞选。

try out for) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.2. Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the words and expressions given in brackets. Had it not been for the teacher’s encouragement, I wouldn’t have tried out for the competition for the class monitor.Passage A – Translation99Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressThe Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love lLead-inlText studylExercisesPassage B100Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love Lead-inlThe Taj Mahal in IndialVideo appreciationlPre-reading activity101Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1 What do you know about the Taj Mahal (泰姬陵)? Pre-readingPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveWork in groups to discuss the following questions. 2 Watch a video clip about the Taj Mahal. What in the video clip impresses you most? Sample answer:1.The Taj Mahal is a symbol of India and it is the world’s most well-preserved and beautiful tomb.2.2. After watching the video, the beauty of the Taj Mahal impressed me most. The Taj Mahal is built entirely of white marble and the carved patterns on it are very intricate. Its stunning architectural beauty is beyond adequate description.102Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express The construction of this marble masterpiece is credited to the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan who erected this mausoleum in memory of his beloved wife，Arjumarid Bano Begum, popularly known as Mumtaz Mahal，who died in A.D.1630. The Taj MahalPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love Her last wish to her husband was "to build a tomb in her memory such as the world had never seen before". Thus emperor Shah Jahan set about building this fairy tale like marvel.103Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express The construction of Taj Mahal was started in A.D. 1632 and completed at the ended in 1648 A.D. For seventeen years， twenty thousand workmen are said to have been employed on it daily, for their accommodation a small town, named after the deceased empress—“Mumtazabad”, now known as Taj Ganj, was built adjacent to it. Amanat Khan Shirazi was the calligrapher of Taj Mahal, his name occurs at the end of an inscription on one of the gates of the Taj. Poet Ghiyasuddin had designed the verses on the tombstone, while Ismail Khan Afridi of Turkey was the dome maker. Muhammad Hanif was the superintendent of Masons. Passage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveThe Taj Mahal104Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressThe designer of Taj Mahal was Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. The material was brought in from allover India and central Asia and it took a fleet of 1000 elephants to transport it to the site. The central dome is 187 ft. high at the centre.Red sandstone was brought from Fatehpur Sikri, Jasper from Punjab, Jade and Crystal from China, Turquoise from, Lapis Lazuli and Sapphire from Sri Lanka, Coal & Comelian from Arabia and Diamonds from Panna. In all 28 kind of rare, semi precious and precious stones were used in the Taj Mahal. The shadow and light play demonstrates its many moods. Some feel the Taj is best seen on a full moon night, others find it ethereal at dawn while some insist that it is sensuous at sunset. Passage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveThe Taj Mahal105Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveLead-in- Video appreciationThe Taj Mahal106Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveText studylOrganization of the textlLanguage pointslText reading107Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage BThe Taj mahal in India: A monument to love1. Every year, thousands of tourists take a journey to the Taj Mahal. To the Western world, the image of the curved curved white domes domes of the Taj Mahal is a symbol of India. However, pictures do not fully convey convey the legend legend and romance of the world’s most well-preserved and beautiful tombtomb. 2. The love legend of the Taj Mahal The story behind the Taj Mahal has its roots in the Mughal empire, which ruled India for more than 300 years. During this time, Indian culture and art flourished, leaving many structures of historical significance. But none are as famous as the Taj Mahal. ____________________________________________________________________________________________108Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express3. In 1612, one of the world’s greatest love stories began when Mumtaz Mahal, an Islamic Islamic Persian Persian princess married Shah Jahan, known as Prince Khurram before he became the 5th Mughal emperor in 1628. Although Mumtaz was just one of Shah Jahan’s wives, she was considered his ultimate love match. Mumtaz accompanied accompanied her husband throughout his travels and military military expeditionsexpeditions, and was his most trusted political adviseradviser. 4. However, as with any famous love story in history, tragedy lurked lurked in their future. In 1631, Mumtaz died while giving birth to her 14th child. It is said that the death of Mumtaz made the emperor so sad that his black hair and beard turned white. In memory of his beloved wife, he decided to build her a monument of eternal love. Because Mumtaz had endeared herself to the people with her kindness, the emperor’s subjects subjects were inspired to help build the spectacular monument.______________________________________________________________________Passage B_______________________________________________________________________________________The Taj mahal in India: A monument to love109Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B5. Beautiful monument After 22 years and the combined effort of over 20,000 workmen and master craftsmen, the monument was finally completed. It was built with material from all over India and Central Asia and required about 1,000 elephants to transport the material to the site. Construction documents show that UstadIsa, a famous architect of his time, was the genius behind the structure. The emperor also sought the skills of expert craftsmen from other cities and countries._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Taj mahal in India: A monument to love110Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B6. The Taj Mahal was built entirely of white marble. Each element of the structure can stand on its own and integrate with the main structure. The central dome is called the Taj. The marble walls inside the dome are covered with intricate patterns and precious stones. Within the dome lies the jewel-decorated tomb of the queen. When Shah Jahan died, he was buried in the Taj beside his beloved Mumtaz. 7. Four domed chambers surround the Taj. The main archways are carved with passages from the holy Koran. The mausoleum building is part of a vast complex with a main gateway, garden, mosque, guesthouse and several other splendid buildings. A large garden is divided at the center by four reflecting pools._____________________________________________________The Taj mahal in India: A monument to love111Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B8. One of the most fascinating aspects of the Taj Mahal is the magical quality of its changing colors. The Yamuna River behind the Taj reflects light onto the white marble. Depending on the hour of the day or the season, the colors of the Taj are different. The best time to view its beauty is at dawn or sunset. 9. The origin of the name Taj Mahal has never been clearly documented. Court histories from Shah Jahan’s reign refer to it as the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal. It’s generally believed that Taj Mahal, usually translated “Crown of the Palace,” is a short form of the name Mumtaz Mahal, which means “Noble One of the Palace.” The Taj mahal in India: A monument to love112Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express10. Fruit of love or result of vanity? There are many contemporary historians who believe that the Taj Mahal is a tomb far too great to commemorate one woman, even if she was the favorite wife of an emperor. These historians believe that the Taj Mahal is a sign of the tyranny of a powerful ruler who exploited his subjects, showing his magnificence to the world. Whether the Taj Mahal symbolizes eternal love, an emperor’s power or a little of both, Shah Jahan deserves credit for turning the death of his wife into a symbol of lasting beauty. He left India and the world the legacy of its most beautiful tomb. As English poet Sir Edwin Arnold wrote, the Taj Mahal is “not a piece of architecture, as other buildings are, but the proud passion of an emperor’s love wrought in living stones.”Passage B_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Taj mahal in India: A monument to love113Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveOrganization of the textStructurePart I (Para. ______)Part II (Para. ______)Part ⅣⅣ (Para. ______)12-410Brief introduction of the Taj MahalThe love legend of the Taj Mahal Different comments of the Taj Mahal Part III (Para. ______)5-9Description of its beauty. 114Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveThe story behind the Taj Mahal has its roots in the Mughal empire, which ruled India for more than 300 years. 泰姬陵的故事起源于统治了印度300多年的莫卧儿帝国。

which引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为the Mugual empire, which在句中作主语他似乎没抓住我的意思，这点让我心烦He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. (Line 1, Para. 2)have its roots in sth.: to have the origin in sth.起源于某事物115Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveHowever, as with any famous love story in history, tragedy lurked in their future. 然而，同历史上其他著名的爱情故事一样，悲剧已暗藏在他们未来的生活中as with： 如同；和······一样像许多好的音乐一样，需要听几遍才能欣赏它。

As with much good music, you need to listen to it a few times before you can appreciate it fully.(Line 1, Para. 4)116Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express这个句型为“it + is/was + 动词的被动语态 + that引导的从句”, it 为形式主语有此种用法的动词还有believe, report, estimate等Passage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveIt is said that the death of Mumtaz made the emperor so sad that his black hair and beard turned white. 传说穆姆塔兹的去世让皇帝悲痛欲绝，以至于白了须发It is said that: 据说It is reported that the temperature will drop in one or two days.It is estimated that two million school lunches are sold each day. (Line 3, Para. 4)117Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveIt was built with material from all over India and Central Asia and required about 1,000 elephants to transport the material to the site. 泰姬陵的建筑材料来自印度各地以及中亚各国，人们用了大约1000头大象将所有材料运送至施工场地。

from all over India and Central Asia:事故的原因仍然不明确，需要进一步调查The cause of the accident is still unclear and requires further investigation.介词短语作后置定语，修饰material(Line 3, Para. 5)require ：v. to need sb. or sth. 需要118Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveWithin the dome lies the jewel-decorated tomb of the queen. 穹顶内部存放着镶有珠宝的王后陵寝本句是倒装句Before him lay miles of small hills.On the table stood two glasses and an empty bottle.英文中当表示地点的介词短语作状语放在句首时，句子要用倒装语序。

Line 5, Para. 6)119Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveThere are many contemporary historians who believe that the Taj Mahal is a tomb far too great to commemorate one woman, even if she was the favorite wife of an emperor. 许多当代历史学家认为，作为陵墓的泰姬陵气势太过恢宏，绝不是用来纪念一位女子的，即使她是皇帝最宠爱的妻子关系代词who引导定语从句，对先行词contemporary historians进行说明在定语从句中，that又引导了一个宾语从句Line 1, Para. 10)even if 引导让步状语从句，意为“即便；即使”far: adv. used for emphasizing a difference when you are making a comparison ·····得多120Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveWhether the Taj Mahal symbolizes eternal love, an emperor’s power or a little of both, Shah Jahan deserves credit for turning the death of his wife into a symbol of lasting beauty. 无论泰姬陵象征着永恒的爱情还是帝王的权力，抑或二者兼有沙·贾汗把妻子的离世塑造成永恒美好的象征，这是值得称赞的。

他给印度及世人留下了最美丽的陵墓遗产whether: 不管；无论(Line 6, Para. 10)deserve: v. to have earned sth. by good or bad actions or behavior 应得，应受到（奖赏或惩罚）You have helped the school so much and really deserve the honor.121Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveAs English poet Sir Edwin Arnold wrote, the Taj Mahal is “not a piece of architecture, as other buildings are, but the proud passion of an emperor’s love wrought in living stones.”正如英国诗人埃德温·阿诺德爵士写道的：泰姬陵“与其他建筑不同，它并非一座建筑物，而是一位帝王贮藏于永生石中的骄傲之爱”。

本句话中出现的两个 as 都为连词，第一个意为“正如”Line 9, Para. 10)第二个 as 意为“按·····的方式；如同”He did not need to keep losing weight, as his wife did.As I promised on the phone, your salary will be increased next month.122Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love那些战士的名字被刻在纪念碑上 The soldiers’ names were inscribed on the monument.momumentn. a building or other large structure that is built to remind people of an important event or famous person 纪念碑(title)123Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love请向你的父母转达我的问候。

Please convey my best wishes to your parents.conveyn. to communicate or express sth. with or without using words 表达；传达(Line 4, Para1)124Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love这个传奇故事依然在民间广泛流传This legend still spreads abroad among the people. legendn. an old well-known story, often about brave people, adventures, or magical events 传说；传奇(Line 4, Para1)125Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love在意大利，绘画在15世纪达到顶峰。

Painting flourished in Italy in the 15th century.flourishv. to develop well and be successful 繁荣；兴旺；成功(Line 3, Para2) 他们的生意看上去很兴隆Their business seemed to flourish.126Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveaccompany vt. to go somewhere with sb. 陪伴；陪同Please accompany me on my walk.(Line 6, Para. 3)请陪我走走He was accompanied on the expedition by his wife.他那次远行有妻子陪同127Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveaccompany (Line 6, Para. 3)vt. to happen or appear with sth else 伴随；与·····同时发生闪电通常伴有雷声。

Lightning usually accompanies thunder.这种病还伴随打喷嚏和发烧The disease is accompanied by sneezing and fever.128Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveaccompany (Line 6, Para. 3)vt. ~ sb (at/on sth) : to play a musical instrument, especially a piano, while sb else sings or plays the main tune （尤指用钢琴）为······伴奏She accompanied the singer on the piano.她用钢琴为那个歌手伴奏129Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love她生了个漂亮健康的婴儿。

She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.give birth to if a woman gives birth, she produces a baby from her body 生孩子(Line 3, Para. 4)130Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love我们在他屋前植了几株树以纪念他In memory of him we planted some trees in front of his house.in memory of sb.if sth. is done or made in memory of sb., it is done to remember them and remind other people of them after hey have died 为了纪念某人我下了决心，纪念他的最好方法是努力工作。

I have resolved that the best thing I can do in memory of him is to work.(Line 5, Para. 4)同义短语：in remembrance of… 131Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveendear oneself to sb.: 使自己受到某人的喜爱endearv. to make sb. popular and liked 使受欢迎(Line 7, Para. 4)让别人喜欢自己，最简单的办法就是让他们发笑One of the easiest ways to endear yourself to someone is to make them laugh.132Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love他的臣民认为他是一位伟大而明智的皇帝。

His subjects regarded him as a great and wise emperor.subjectn. sb. who was born in a country that has a king or queen 臣民你必须听从我的命令You should subject yourself to my command.(Line 8, Para. 4)2）v. ~ sth (to sth): to bring a country or group of people under your control, especially by using force 使臣服；使顺从133Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love这服务将根据你们的需要和要求而定This service will be subject to your request. subjectadj. be subject to: 受······支配的，受······影响的；隶属的，臣服的(Line 8, Para. 4)134Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to loveinspirev. to encourage sb. by making them feel eager to do sth. 鼓舞；激励他的演说使士兵们大受鼓舞。

His speech inspired the soldiers.(Line 8, Para. 4)衍伸短语：inspire sb. to so sth.: 激励某人做某事他的父亲经常鼓励他做自己喜欢的事情His father often inspires him to do what he really likes.135Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love雕像被运往伦敦The statue was transported to London.transportv. to take goods, people, etc. from one place to another in a vehicle 运输；运送衍生词： transportation 交通工具(Line 4, Para. 5)136Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love他让秘书把文件复制一份。

He asked his secretary to make a copy of the document.documentn. a piece of paper that has official information on it 文件；公文(Line 5, Para. 5)v. to write about sth., film it, or take photographs of it, in order to record information about it 记录；记载他的研究记录了危机是如何发生的His research documents how the crisis occurred.137Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love教师们正设法使所有的孩子都以与社会融为一体The teachers are trying to integrate all the children into society.短语： ~ (A) (into/with B); ~ A and B (使)合并，成为一体v. to connect or combine two or more things so thattogether they form an effective unit or system (使)结合；（使）成为一体 integrate(Line 2, Para. 6)138Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love surround v. to be all around sb. or sth. 环绕；包围他们尽量使生病的女孩感到舒适。

They surrounded the sick girl with every comfort.(Line 1, Para. 7)短语： ~ sb/sth (with sb/sth) : to move into position all around sb/sth, especially so as to prevent them from escaping; to move sb/sth into position in this way （使）包围，围住139Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love该建筑群既是历史古迹又是忙碌的现代天文中心The complex of buildings is both a historic landmark and a thriving modern centre for plexn. a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purpose 综合建筑群这些工具可以为我们完成复杂工作。

Tools can perform the complex work for us.adj. made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand 复杂的；难懂的；费解的(Line 3, Para. 7)140Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love这部小说的情节错综复杂， 引人入胜The plot of the novel is intricate and fascinating. fascinatingadj. extremely interesting 有极大吸引力的派生词：fascinate v. 使······着迷(Line 1, Para. 8)141Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love金钱并非像平常说的那样是万恶之源。

Money is not, as is usually said, the origin of all evils originn. when, where, or how sth. began 起源；来源；起因(Line 1, Para. 9)派生词：original n. 原件；原作；原物；原型 adj. 原始的；独创的；新颖的142Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love他在信里从未提到过他的姊妹He never referred to his sisters in his letters. refer tomention or speak about sb. or sth. 提到；谈到(Line 2, Para. 9)to look at for information 参考，咨询，查（资料）遇到生词时，你可以查阅词典。

When you meet a new word, you can refer to the dictionary143Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love这个年轻人是贵族出身The young man is of noble birth. nobleadj. belonging to the highest social class 贵族的；尊贵的(Line 6, Para. 9)adj. morally good or generous in a way that is admired 高尚的；崇高的让我们为促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业而共同努力！Let us make a joint effort for the noble cause of advancing peace and human progress!144Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love我们聚集在这里，纪念我们同胞的英勇行为。

We are gathered here to commemorate the brave actions of our fellow memoratev. to remember sb. or sth. by a special action, ceremony, object, etc. 纪念纪念碑纪念了在战争中牺牲的士兵们The monument commemorates the soldiers who died during the war.(Line 2, Para. 10)145Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love这些工厂中有很多在剥削童工Children are being exploited in many of these factories. exploitv. to treat sb. unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but giving them very little in return 剥削；压榨我们必须利用一切机会学习新事物。

We must exploit every opportunity to learn new things.(Line 5, Para. 10)v. to use sth. well in order to gain as much from it as possible 运用；利用；发挥146Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – The Taj Mahal in India: A monument to love这些书籍是他给学院的遗赠These books are his legacy to the college. legacyn. money or property that you receive from sb. after they die 遗产；遗赠物(Line 9, Para. 10)147Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – ExerciseslVocabulary & structurelTranslationlComprehensionlOral work148Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – Comprehension1.1. Match the four paragraphs of the passage with their main ideas.Paragraph 2 A The Taj Mahal was finally completed with the effort of a lot of people. B Mumtaz died and the decision to build a monument in memory of Mumtaz was made. C Mumtaz married Shah Jahan and became his most favorite wife and most trusted adviser. D The background of the Taj Mahal and its place in architectural history.Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Paragraph 5149Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1 What examples does the writer use to prove that Mumtaz was Shah Jahan’s ultimate love match?2.2. Work in groups to discuss the following questions.Passage B – ComprehensionThe examples are: Mumtaz accompanied her husband throughout his travels and military expeditions, and was his most trusted political adviser. When Shah Jahan died, he was buried in the Taj Mahal beside his beloved Mumtaz.150Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express2 In your opinion, is the Taj Mahal the fruit of love or the result of vanity? Why?Passage B – Comprehension•I think it is the fruit of love. It is because of Shah Jahan’s true and deep love that he spent more than 20 years building a tomb in memory of his wife. So the tomb is a symbol of his love.•I think it is the result of vanity. It took over 20,000 workmen and master craftsmen 22 years to finish the construction, which proves to the world a ruler’s exploitation of his subjects for his own will and luxury.151Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express4 The emperor saw an opportunity to endear himself ______ his people.5 Hollywood discovered her and turned her ______ a star.3 Carol was celebrating last night after giving birth ______ twins.2 Jazz has its roots ______ the folk songs of the southern states of the United States.1.1. Complete the following sentences with proper prepositions.1 They are planning to take a journey ______ Hong Kong.toinPassage B – Vocabulary and structuretotointo152Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1 Many words in the English language are French in ____________.Passage B – Vocabulary and structure2.2. Complete the following sentences with the words given below. Change the form if necessary.conveysignificanceaccompanycommemoratesurroundpowerfullegacyorigin2 The paintings of Picasso are of great ____________ in art history.3 He was one of the most ____________ men in the Royal family.4 The palace was ____________ by green trees and beautiful flowers.ed153Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – Vocabulary and structure2.2. Complete the following sentences with the words given below. Change the form if necessary.conveyaccompanycommemoratelegacy5 His grandmother died and left him a small ____________.6 A good photograph can often ____________ far more than words.7 Alice ____________ her mother to an art gallery yesterday.8 The Nobel Prize is awarded to ____________ Nobel, the great chemist.accompanied154Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express3 They will build a monument in (remember / memory) of the national hero.1 Venice is one of the greatest (tourist / tourism) attractions of the world. 2 It is important to look at the novel in its (historic / historical) context.4 Have you ever eaten a kind of fruit (calling / called) olive?Passage B – Vocabulary and structure3.3. Check (✔) the correct answers to complete the following sentences.✔✔✔✔155Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express4.4. Rewrite the following sentences into inverted sentences (倒装句).英语中，当表示地点的介词短语作状语放在句首时，句子要用倒装语序。

Sample: The jewel-decorated tomb of the queen lies within the dome. Within the dome lies the jewel-decorated tomb of the queen.1. Some flowers lie on the roof of the house. _____________________________________________On the roof of the house lies some flowers.Passage B – Vocabulary and structure2. A tall tree with a history of 1,000 years stands in front of our house. ________________________________________________________In front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years.156Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express3. A village lies at the foot of the mountain. _______________________________________________________4. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Professor Anderson stood in the lecture hall. _______________________________________________________At the foot of the mountain lies a village.On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.In the lecture hall stood Professor Anderson.4.4. Rewrite the following sentences into inverted sentences (倒装句).Passage B – Vocabulary and structure157Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1.However, as with any famous love story in history, tragedy lurked in their future. ______________________________________________________________________Passage B – Translation1.1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.2.As English poet Sir Edwin Arnold wrote, the Taj Mahal is “not a piece of architecture, as other buildings are, but the proud passion of an emperor’s love wrought in living stones.” ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________正如英国诗人埃德温·阿诺德爵士写道的：泰姬陵“与其他建筑不同，它并非一座建筑物，而是一位帝王贮藏于永生石中的骄傲之爱”。

然而，同历史上其他著名的爱情故事一样，悲剧已暗藏在他们未来的生活中158Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1.这个博物馆是为了纪念伟大作家鲁迅而建造的in memory of) __________________________________________________________2.印象主义在19 世纪中期的法国很兴盛flourish) ________________________________________________________3. 中秋节时家家户户都吃月饼，因为月饼象征着团圆symbolize)___________________________________________________________________________________2.2. Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the words and expressions given in brackets.Impressionism flourished in France in the mid-19th century.Every family eats moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival, for moon cakes symbolize reunion.This museum was built in memory of the great writer Lu Xun.Passage B – Translation159Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressPassage B – Oral workWork in groups to do the following activities.2 Among these famous landmarks, which one impresses you the most? Why?1 Can you recognize the world-famous landmarks in the picture on the right?160Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressWork in groups to do the following activities.1 Can you recognize the world-famous landmarks in the picture on the right?Egyptian Pyramids / Statue of Liberty / London Bridge / Big Ben / Stonehenge (巨石阵) / Eiffel Tower /Taj Mahal / Leaning Tower of Pisa / Roman Colosseum / Christ the Redeemer in Rio / Kremlin / Sydney Opera HousePassage B – Oral work161Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressWork in groups to do the following activities.2 Among these famous landmarks, which one impresses you the most? Why?* I think it’s the Egyptian Pyramids. There are many mysterious stories about Egyptian Pyramids and they attract me so much!* I’d say the Statue of Liberty, since it is a symbol of independence, democracy and freedom. Passage B – Oral work162Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expresslPresent participles ( 现在分词)lExercisesGrammar163Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressGrammar - Present participles 现在分词是非谓语动词的一种，通常由动词原形加-ing构成。

现在分词既有时态和语态的变化，又有否定形式 语态 时态肯定形式否定形式主动语态 一般时 doingnot doing 完成时having donenot having done被动语态 一般时being donenot being done 完成时having been donenot having been done164Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressGrammar - Present participles 现在分词可以充当定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语，表示主动或动作正在进行下面仅谈现在分词充当定语和宾语补足语的用法一 、 现在分词作定语 1 现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰名词的前面 e.g. 1) He is a promising new painter.2) It was an astonishing performance.现在分词作定语有时也可以放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句e.g. The girl talking to my mother is my younger sister.165Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressGrammar - Present participles 2 现在分词作定语往往表示所修饰名词的动作，而动 名词做定语则表示 目的、用途等。

e.g. 1) sleeping beauty 睡美人 (现在分词)2) sleeping pill 安眠药 (动名词)3) running water 自来水 (现在分词)4) running track 跑道 (动名词)166Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressGrammar - Present participles 二、现在分词作宾语补足语 1 现在分词可用在感官动词 feel, hear, listen to, notice, see, smell, watch等和使役动词 get, have, keep, leave, make 等之后做宾语补足语e.g. 1) I listened to the band playing in the park.2) She soon had them laughing.167Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressGrammar - Present participles 2 某些动词后的宾语补足语既可以用现在分词，也可以用不带 to 的不定式。

表示动作正在进行时用现在分词，表示动作完成时用不带 to 的不定式e.g. 1)He saw her working in the garden. (She was working in the garden.)2) He saw her enter the room. (She entered the room.)3) She felt her heart beating fast. (Her heart was beating fast.)4) She felt someone touch her shoulder. (Someone touched her shoulder.)168Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express1.1. Put the following phrases in corresponding columns.swimming dolphins (海豚) swimming pool flying suit flying sauces (飞碟) waiting crowd waiting room swimming pool flying suit waiting roomGerundswimming dolphinsflying sauceswaiting crowdPresent participleGrammar - Exercises169Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express3. Soon they could see the steam ______ from the wet clothes.2. He saw a ______ bird and raised his bow.2.2. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences.1. There was a terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.A followed B following C to be followed D being followedA flying B fly C flew D to be flying A to rise B rising C risen D be risingGrammar - ExercisesB A B 170Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express4. The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river. 5. I saw him ______ away on a stretcher (担架). 2.2. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences.A playing B to be playing C play D to playA carried B carrying C to be carried D being carriedGrammar - Exercises6. She was not interested in the question ______.A discussing B be discussed C being discussed D to discussA DC171Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expresslNoteslExercisesWriting172Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressNotesWriting - Expository essays 说明文是一种用来分析和探讨、解释和说明事物的文体，依据说明对象与说明目的的不同，说明文可分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类。

事物说明文的说明对象是具体事物通过对具体事物的形状、构造、性质、特点、用途等作客观而准确的说明，使读者了解、认识这个或这类事物事理说明文的说明对象是某个抽象事理将抽象事理的成因、关系、原理等说清楚 说明文按照展开方式的不同大致分为如下几类：举例说明文用例子阐明观点；比较与对比说明文通过对不同的事物进行比较分析找出它们之间的相似点或差异点；因果说明文旨在说明事物发生的原因及结果；定义说明文说明文中抽象、含混或有争议的词或术语的意义，即给它们下定义 下面我们通过一篇例文来体会说明文的这些特点173Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressWriting - Expository essays The weather in Chicago and Miami My cousin and I recently had a discussion about whether his hometown, Chicago, or my hometown, Miami, has better weather. Our discussion centered on three differences between the weather in our hometowns. Our first point of discussion was the number of seasons. Chicago, located in the Midwestern part of the United States, has four seasons: summer, fall, winter and spring. These four seasons are clearly marked by distinct weather changes. Miami, on the other hand, being much farther south, has only two seasons: a very mild winter and a long, hot summer. 174Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressWriting - Expository essays We also considered the worst temperatures in both cities. The worst weather in Chicago occurs in the winter. On average, the low temperature each night goes down to about 20 Fahrenheit degrees. In addition, frequent high winds drive the temperature down even more. The problem in Miami is not the cold, but rather the heat. In the summer, the temperature reaches 95 Fahrenheit degrees in the daytime. Combined with a constant humidity (湿度) of 90 percent or more, the temperature actually feels warmer. Finally, our two hometowns have different kinds of severe weather. Chicagoans’ biggest fear is a blizzard (暴风雪). When a blizzard hits the city, the cold and snow can paralyze (使陷入瘫痪) it and make it impossible for people to go to school or work. In contrast, the biggest weather problem for people in Miami is a hurricane. While hurricanes occur less frequently than blizzards, they can cause more damage.175Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressWriting - Expository essays In the end, my cousin and I learned that each of the two climates has its unique characteristics. Thus we believe that the definition of perfect weather depends largely on each person’s preference. 这篇例文着重从三个方面对比了芝加哥和迈阿密两地的气候差异，说明了它们的主要气候特征。

第一段直入主题并点明了文章主体结构第二、三、四段分别从季节、气温和极端天气三个角度对比分析了芝加哥和迈阿密的气候差异其中第二段在对比季节差异时提及了产生季节差异的原因之一，即两个城市地理位置的差别第三段在对比气温差异时交代了影响当地气温的一些因素，即芝加哥多风而迈阿密湿度较高第四段在对比两地极端天气时阐述了极端天气给当地造成的影响最后一段收尾，指出作者观点从整体来看，文章结构清晰，内容充实，是一篇典型的对比说明文176Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressWriting - ExercisesRead the following essay. Choose the best wayto complete each of the following sentences.Clinical depression Many people tend to misuse the term depression to refer to the normal ups and downs of daily life. In reality, depression is a serious illness. A clinically depressed person is in a constant state of sadness because of three main factors: genetics (遗传学), substance abuse (药物滥用), or environment. Perhaps the most common cause of depression is genetics. People who are born with low levels of serotonin (血清素) and dopamine (多巴胺) cannot experience pleasure in the same way that balanced people can. People with low levels of these substances do not experience happiness from typically happy events. 177Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressWriting - Exercises Another cause of depression is substance abuse. When drugs enter the bloodstream, they alter the brain’s normal chemical balance. Consequently, people who use these chemical substances may experience short-term or long-term depression due to the chemical changes in their brains. As a case in point, an alcoholic (酗酒者) can develop depression because of the constant changing of the levels of dopamine in his or her brain. Finally, environmental factors can trigger clinical depression. Failed relationships, such as a divorce or a falling out between family members, can leave a person in a state of depression in which the person is unable to handle himself or herself. Traumatic (造成精神创伤的) events, such as the death of a family member or the witnessing of a murder, are environmental factors that can send a person into depression. 178Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressWriting - Exercises Regardless of its cause, depression is a serious illness that afflicts millions of people throughout the world. And it needs to be taken seriously.1 The writer has developed the essay mainly by ______.A comparison and contrast B cause and effect2 In Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4, the writer uses ______ to explain his points.A examples B definitionsB A 179Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressWriting - Exercises3 Generally speaking, the writer has organized the body of the essay ______.A chronologically B by order of importance4 According to the essay, people are most likely to develop depression due to ______.A genetic factors B environmental factorsB A 180Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expresslWedding traditions in AsialQuestionsCulture express181Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressCulture express - Wedding traditions in Asia Shinto (神道教) weddings are traditional in Japan. The bride normally wears a white kimono (和服) with a white scarf. The color symbolizes purity. The ceremony begins with ritual purification. Next prayers are offered for the couple to have good luck, happiness and the protection of the Kami (神道教的神). Then the couple drinks sake (清酒)—taking three sips each from three cups—and the groom reads words of commitment.182Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express The traditional wedding gown in China is bright red, symbolizing luck for the new couple. Chinese bridal gowns are traditionally decorated with golden phoenixes (凤凰) and peonies (牡丹), symbols of wealth and good fortune. And you can expect loud firecrackers at a Chinese wedding to scare off evil spirits.Culture express - Wedding traditions in Asia183Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express In an Indian wedding, the bride is given away by her parents who join her hands with those of the groom. The end of the bride’s sari (莎 丽 ) is tied to her husband’s scarf to show that they are joined together. At the end of the wedding ceremony, the couple take seven steps around a sacred fire. As the couple walk around the sacred fire they say a prayerat each step. The groom and his family make offerings of barley (大麦) to the fire, and the guests and the priest bless the couple.Culture express - Wedding traditions in Asia184Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture express2 Have you ever been in any wedding ceremonies? How do they impress you?3 What are the wedding traditions in your hometown?Work in groups to discuss the following questions.1 How much do you know about wedding traditions in other countries? Culture express - Questions185Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressKey to ExercisesIn France, white is the main color of romantic wedding. The flowers, the bride’s dress, and even the decoration are all in white. On the wedding day, the bride will prepare a cabinet (柜子) called “Wedding Armoire” (希望之匣) with beautiful designs symbolizing health and prosperity as the dowry (嫁妆). The cup used by the bride and groom has a specific name—“Loving Cup” (婚礼之杯).1. How much do you know about wedding traditions in other countries?Work in groups to discuss the following questions.Culture express - Questions186Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressYes, I have been in my aunt’s wedding. What impressed me most is that her father took her by the hand and put her hand into her husband’s hand. Her father delivered a speech which went like this: “I have one precious gift from Heaven: my beloved daughter. Now, my son-in-law is assigned an important responsibility—to take good care of my daughter and cherish her. Marriage is a flower which requires your tenderness, persistence and patience. I wish you happiness forever.” I was moved to tears by the speech. I was really impressed by that wedding ceremony.2. Have you ever been in any wedding ceremonies? How do they impress you?Work in groups to discuss the following questions.Culture express - Questions187Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressI would like to share some wedding traditions in my hometown—Zhanjiang. Preparations before the wedding will be the major parts that I’m going to say. Before the wedding ceremony, according to the tradition, the groom will have to give cash gift to the bride. Then he needs to buy some new clothes for his future wife. The wife has to buy a pair of trousers in return, one for herself and the other for her future husband. In order to wish the best for the new couple and their families, the groom usually goes to worship the god with sacrificial offerings. Later, the bride will give the groom red paper containing money as a gift. It does not matter how much money there is in it, instead, it is the feelings that matter. 3. What’re the wedding traditions in your hometown?Culture express - QuestionsWork in groups to discuss the following questions.188Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressWhen the new couple’s wedding day is drawing nearer, the groom is supposed to give some money to the bride’s sisters and brothers. I have no idea why he is doing that, but I guess it must feel good to be a bride’s sister or brother. Finally, the newly-wed then will put two betel nuts in the head of their bed. This may sound weird to some people, but this tradition does exist. Still, I don’t know why. All above are some preparations needed before a wedding. But no matter what they do to bless the wedding, one thing is certain: Husband and wife will stay together in sickness and in health for the rest of their lives.Culture express - Questions189。