高考英语阅读指导 主旨大意题目技巧.ppt

Main Idea Main Idea 阅读技巧阅读技巧阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类主旨题标题类文章主旨段落主旨第一第一步步: :识别文体,找主题句新闻报道导语提携全文议论文 总--分--总（论点－论据－结论）说明文主题句（首－－中－－尾） 记叙文记叙文六要素寻找主题句的方法(一) 记叙文: 文中一般没有明显的题句夹叙夹议文: 主题句常在议论中说明文: 一般在首段议论文: 一般为总分总模式, 即主题句（作者的观点） 常在首段或末段（作者观点的重申）当然，由于写作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段文章中间寻找主题句的方法(二) 文中出现的连词（转折but/ however， 因果 so/ therefore，或一些常见但在文章中 间出现有一定目的的词（in fact, the study shows that…, for example, in short）, 这 些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句 寻找主题句的方法(三)有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在 段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意 进行归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一步加 工概括了 (四)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是 文章主旨. (五)关注高频词 (常为名词)第二步: 推敲选项, 排除干扰推敲选项正误的5个小窍门: ⑴ 根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词,与四 个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案 ⑵ 正确选项常含有概括性的词语 ⑶ 正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词 ⑷ 正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面,含义深 刻或说明道理 ⑸ 四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选 项中往往有一个是正确答案第二步: 推敲选项, 排除干扰干扰项的特点: ⑴概括范围太窄,常为文中具体信息或某个段 落大意 ⑵概括范围太宽,所表达内容常超出文章阐述 的内容 ⑶无关信息:即文中未提到或找不到语言依据 的信息,但看起来又是对的.第二步: 推敲选项, 排除干扰标题的特点: 简练, 全面, 范围合理, 常为名词. 忌: 范围太大, 过于笼统,范围太小 (常用文中细节或某段段落大意 来混淆). 如何寻找主题句Sample 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的 句子则是论证性细节。

在论说文，科技文献和新闻 报道中多采用这种格式 Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （ 2 ）主题句也会出现在段尾作者先摆出事 实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题本段的中心思想在结尾句得到 体现,它是此段内容的结论 Sample 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3）在短文中间 当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出 问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻 辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.Sample 4 （无主题句） Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. Sample 5 The study on the impact of light on teenagers’ sleeping habits finds that insufficient daily morning light exposure contributes to teenagers not getting enough sleep. ………50. What would be the best title for the passage? A.Lack of Morning Light Keeping Teenagers up at NightB. Light Therapy Can Reduce Health Risks ofTeenagers. C. Measures Impact of Reduced Morning Light Exposure. D. Students Wears Special Glasses to Guarantee Sleep.Sample 6 Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor“ help you create this life of good feelings.Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness. Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness? In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. 50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A. How to Live Truthfully B. Importance of Peacefulness C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect D. Happiness through Honorable ActionsA new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city. As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunne。