孔子与儒家(英文介绍).ppt

Confucius, Confucianismand Christ, ChristianityConfucius: Latinized spellingChinese name:• Kong Fuzi 孔夫子• (Master Kong)•551-479 BC titles: The First Holy One, First Teacher, Teacher of the Ten Thousand Generations•Never lived to see his doctrines put into practiceA Time of Turmoil•Zhou Dynasty (1122-253 BC)•Golden Age -> The reign of Yu Wang (780 BC)•Feudal lords in power, Emperor is empty title“China was no longer one country but a dozen, each potentially the enemy of any other”Jamie BuehlerIs Confucianism a philosophy, a code of ethics, or a religion?Jamie BuehlerConfucianism as a system of ethics•Moral conduct is the basis of social harmony•Emphasis on self discipline and education•Obligation to family–Family as microcosm of the universe–Strict Father vs. Nurturing Parent modelJamie BuehlerConfucianism as a philosophy•“Confucianism’s root metaphor was and is a concern for the world” Humanity, reciprocity, empathy•Collective > Individual•Humans are good, but we stray–Education and self-disciplineJamie BuehlerConfucianism as a religion•Religion = community of people who share beliefs, cultural practices, worship a deity/deities•“something done with great attention to detail”–Confucian philosophy of self disciplineConfucianism as a religion•Confucius was not a god or a prophet•He did not create these ideas, but merely restored them“As to being a Divine Sage or even a Good Man, far be it from me to make any such claim.”“I am not one of those who have innate knowledge. I am simply one who loves the past and who is diligent in investigating it” Confucianism as a religion•Rituals for all occasions of life–Veneration of ancestors–Meditation•No initiation or membership•Heaven is a manifestation of God–The words are interchangeable –Heaven means goodness. To be good is to live in harmony with heaven–Mencius “Heaven does not speak”Ren 仁•A principle of mutuality, human- heartedness, and empathy. •The ability to empathize with another’s discomfort that would prevent the moral person to refrain from acting in ways that would cause discomfort. •Similar to Christianity’s Golden RuleBasically…A person does all actions for the sake of Jen because the respect for humanity implies the right human way to act.Yi 义 （義 ）•Righteousness, moral description to do good.•Acting in a way or doing what needs to be done simply because it ought to be done, not for personal gain or profit. Basically…A person does all action for the sake of Yi because they are the right thing to do. Li 礼（ 禮 ）•Is the principle of gain or benefit, order or propriety. •Two main aspects of Li:–Guide to human relationships and rules of proper action.–Guide to social order or general ordering of life.Li 礼•The Five Relationships all represent the way things should be done in a social life–Father and Son (loving and reverential)–Older Brother and Younger Brother (gentle and respectful)–Husband and Wife (good and listening)–Older Friend and Younger Friend (considerate and differential)–Ruler and Subject (benevolent and loyal)Ming 命• “Mandate of Heaven”, fate or destiny.•According to Confucius, Ming is simply the way things are in the course of things. •He declared that his principles prevailed were ming, and if they did not they were also ming. •Confucius believed that the best thing we can do is to do what we ought to do under the circumstances.Doctrine of the Mean 中庸•“Middle Way”•Avoiding all extremes in either thought or action, but applying a principle standard of measurement to his or her own motives and actions.Filial Piety 孝•Reverence and extreme respect for parents.•A huge part of Chinese culture that has been adopted into three main religions: Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism.•Varies from taking care of the parents to burying them properly after death. “When your father is alive observe his intentions. When he is deceased, model yourself on the memory of his behavior. If in 3 years after his death, you have not deviated from your father’s ways, then you may be considered a filial child”-Confucius The Five Classics 五经•Classic of History•Classic of Poetry or Book of Odes•Classic of Rites•Book of Changes or I Ching•Spring and Autumn AnnalsThe Four Books 四书•Analects of Confucius•Doctrine of the Mean•Great Learning•MenciusEros vs Agape 爱（愛 ）•Eros–Sexual, romantic love•Agape–Deepest love, based on doing good things for another person–UnconditionalIs Confucianism Eros, Agape, or neither? 仁者爱人。

道德仁义，非礼不成；The Three Universal VirtuesLove 仁仁 Wisdom 知知 Courage 勇勇•To be used through education, self-discipline, and the acceptance of shame-- Love For All -- Family And Society•Respect Starts in the Family•One can then branch off to Society•Conduct oneself with thought toward family and others. Education•Confucianism emphasizes education•Should only be done for the advancement of one’s knowledge•Not for fame, wealth, admiration.“Ignorance is the night of the mind, but a night without moon and star.” - ConfuciusGolden Rule•Like most religions•Humans need to respect and treat others as they themselves would wish to be treatedIndividual Self-Interest•Frowned upon•Collective Well-Being•Remember Ren and Yi?The Virtuous Person•“Doing for Nothing”•Work as a Society•The ‘virtuous person’ acts in ways only because it should be done as opposed to acting in ways for profit or other personal benefits.Christianity and ConfucianismChristianity and Confucianism“The Golden Rule”Christianity and Confucianism•Other similarities….–Bible and the Five Classics and the Four Books–10 commandment: nine commandment–HeavenChristianity and Confucianism•Differences–Deity: Jesus and Confucius–BeliefsQuestion In your own opinion, would you classify Confucianism as a philosophy, a code of ethics, a religion, or none/all of the above? J。