西方文明史课件westerncivilization2.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2015/12/10,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2015/12/10,#,Chapter 8,The,West in the Early Middle Ages 500,-900,The Palatine Chapel in Aache,n,F,rankish,King Charles the Great,or,Charlemagne 768-814,Roman ruins,reminiscent of Lateran Palace,popes residence,800,coronation,ceremony Pope,Leo placed a crown,Emperor and,Augustus,Dark ages,Petrarch,regarded,the,post-Roman,centuries,as dark,compared,to the,light,of classical,antiquity,.,The making of the barbarian kingdom,500-750,Italy,:from Ostrogoths to Lombards,The,Ostrogothic Kingdom,was established,by Theodoric,the,Great,in Italy and,neighboring,areas from 493 to 553,.,in,476 deposed,the,last emperor,of the Western Roman Empire,Romulus Augustulus,a puppet-emperor of his father Julius Nepos who was,murdered by his own soldiers in,480.,The Goths,an,east,Germanic people,two,branches:the,Visigoths and the Ostrogoths,played an important role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of Medieval Europe,.,in,535,the,Byzantine,Empire invaded Italy under Justinian I.,Lombard conquest,Germanic tribe,Arian,accepted orthodox Christianity,Pope,Gregory I,590-604,Saint,Gregory the,Great organized the resistance.,Laid the foundation of the medieval papacy,Visigothic Spain:intolerance and destruction,507,Gallo-roman aristocrats supported the Frankish king Clovis in his successful conquest of the Visigothic kingdom of Toulouse,Kingdom of the Visigoths,418c.720,Toledo,.,Diaspora,the dispersion of,Jews out of,their,homeland(the Land of Israel)and the communities built by them across the world,.,All Jews accepted baptism or leave the kingdom,711,invade and conquered by Muslim,s,The Anglo-Saxons:from Pagan conquerors to Christian Missionaries,Germanic warriors carved out small kingdoms,Central value:honor and glory,resembled heroic age of ancient Greece,England,the land of Angles,Two opposing forms of orthodox Christianity,Celtic,monastic and decentralized.Roman,episcopal and hierarchical,The franks:an enduring legacy,the,Kingdom of the Franks,481843,the direct ancestor of both France and Germany,Germanic,tribes,Conversion,Clovis,I,crowned first,King in 496,.,Merovingian dynasty ruled,Gaul and W Germany,to,751,Divided by four sons,Creating the European Aristocracy,9 century,Parish system.,Tithe,a,tenth of ones,income to,the,church,Aristocratic lifestyle:feasting,hospitality,hunting and warfare,The Carolingian achievement,The Carolingian,dynasty,late 8th,century to 1122,Duke,.The,name Carolingian,meaning,descendant of Charles,the Latinized,name of Charles Martel:Carolus,.,Charles,Martel,the de facto,ruler,of the Franks as the real powers behind the throne,.,Followers,Vassals.A ruthless,scorched-earth,policy,By,751,Pepin,the Short,was crowned King of the,Franks by pope.,In 800 as,Charlemagne,attended mass on Christmas Day in the basilica of St.Peter,the pope placed a crown on his head,while the Romans assembled for worship proclaimed him“emperor of the Romans,.”,later called the Holy Roman Empire.,His,death in 814 began an extended period of fragmentation and decline that would eventually lead to the evolution of the territories of France and Germany.,Carolingian renaissance,.,increase,of literature,writing,the arts,architecture,jurisprudence,liturgical reforms,and scriptural studies.,The,Holy Roman Empire,800-1806,a,multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe,800,Pope Leo III crowned,Charlemagne,as Emperor,reviving the title in Western Europe after more than three centuries.,The,title was revived in 962 when Otto I was crowned emperor,as,the successor of,Charlemagne,The,largest territory of the empire after 962 was the Kingdom of Germany,though it included the Kingdom of Bohemia,the Kingdom of Burgundy,the Kingdom of Italy,and numerous other territories,.,Geographical tour,England,Alfred of Wessex,southern English,Scandinavia,Nose,Vikings,:Germanic,Norse sailor,speaking the Old Norse language,who raided and traded from their Scandinavian homelands across wide areas of northern and central Europe,as well as European Russia,during the late 8th to late 11th centuries,.,Swedish merchant Vikings,Rus.Russia,Muslim Spain,Umayyad Emirate,After the Carolingians:from empire to lordships,In the late ninth and tenth centuries,the Frankish kingdom collapsed,Louiss three sons divided the empire:Louis,Lothair,Charles,Emergence of France and Germany,West Francia,Kingdom of the West Franks.the earliest stage of the Kingdom of France,840 until 987.Charles the,Bald,East.Otto I,Otto,the Great,Duchy of,Saxony.,936 German,king,962 emperor,of the Holy Roman Empire,Three elements of the early Middle Ages,Orthodox Christianity,Roman administration,Frankish military kingship,Chapter 9 The high Middle Ages,900-1300,The countryside,Population doubled,less war,slowly improving climate,The peasantry:serfs and freemen,Serf,:a,person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal,lord,could,not leave,without permission,Purchase their f。