专四短文听写常见错误评析.doc

专四短文听写常见错误评析An Analysis of Common Mistakes in Dictation of Tem—4一、 由音变现象而导致的错误 (change of pronunciation)二、由英美两种发音差异而导致的错误 (different pronunciation in British English and American English)三、同音词与近音词分辨不清 （the words having same or similar pronunciation)四、单词拼写导致的错误 (wrong spelling)一、 由音变现象而导致的错误 （Change of pronunciation， including linking， assimilation, weak form, incomplete plosive） I Sound-linking1． What is linking?When speakers of English are speaking， they arrange words into groups and join together the stressed and unstressed words within the group。

They move smoothly from one word to the next without making any sudden stops So when we listen to their speech， we hear the end of one word flow straight into the beginning of the next This phenomenon of joining words together is called linking.2. How to link words in English speech？Speakers of English join words together by blending or joining the last sound of a word with the initial sound of the following word Three common ways to achieve linking:LinkingDefinitionExamplesThe final consonant+ the initial vowel（辅音+元音)To join the final consonant of one word with the initial vowel of the following word第一个单词以辅音结尾，下一个单词以元音开头时，两个词连读out and out； sit up； look out of；post officeconsonant+ ［h］(辅音+[h］音）To join the final consonant of one word with the vowel after ［h] of the following word第一个单词以辅音结尾,下一个单词以清辅音［h]开头，前一个辅音将击穿清辅音[h]，直接与［h]后的元音发生连读。

give her; miss him； Is he busy？（r + vowel）字母r+元音To link the final r to a following vowel第一个单词以字母r结尾,下一个单词以元音开头，原本不发音的字母r发辅音[r］，与后面的元音发生连读.are in； there are； more and morewhere am IFor example:Flight 5125 scheduled to take off at 11：30 will be delayed for 20 minutes. Please check in half an hour prior to departurechecking) （half a now)2. Assimilation-to change the pronunciation of some final and initial consonants英语口语中，某些音连读通常发生音变，称作音的同化现象音变不仅仅发生在词与词之间，还通常发生在词的内部AssimilationExamples[t]+[j]→[tS]not yet， last year SiE][d]+[j］→[dZ]did you， could you Zu:]［z］+［j]→[Z]because you, seize you ［s]+［j]→[S]suit， issue Su]Sentence Practice 1。

Here is the answer. 2 There is a huge tree over there.3 After an early breakfast， we started off He is slower at eating5. He didn’t say a word for a while She sat up for a long time7. The teacher asked a question.Sing the song （My Heart Will Go On)Dictation （Pet）III．Weak Forms1 DefinitionMany function words in English have two pronunciations: a stressed form （or strong form） and unstressed form (or reduced form， weak form). The unstressed form is thus an alternative pronunciation of a word which is reduced in its articulation。

/ə/ is the most frequently used vowel in the unstressed forms and next comes /i/.弱音即元音的弱化,指一个单词中的元音在口语中，由于说话时语速快或在句子中处于次要位置，而不发标准读音，变为弱化元音的语音现象在日常生活中，这种弱音现象具有不确定性（uncertainty)，它完全取决于说话人当时的语气、情绪、习惯等因素，这可能使得实际读音与标准音相比相去甚远，需多加小心弱读现象2. The Importance of Learning Weak Forms Firstly， most native speakers of English find an “all-strong form" pronunciation very unpleasant. Secondly, learners who are not familiar with the use of weak forms are likely to have difficulty understanding native speakersFor example: the possible pronunciations of “and": 1) [Qnd], 2)[End], 3)[En], 4)[n].“bread and butter” 3. Common Phenomena of Weak FormsWeak FormsExampleslong vowel → short vowel长元音弱化成短元音he；she;me；we；who； whose;beenomitted sound元音前的辅音省略或辅音前的元音省略his；him；is；have［ə]元音弱化成[ə]us；for；must；does；of；but；untilListening Exercise of Strong Forms ＆ Weak FormsDictation (Tourism)IV。

Incomplete Plosive1 Plosive爆破音（plosive）是指气流（air flew）在口腔中某处形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音这些音有6个,即[p]、［b］、［t]、［d]、[k]、[g］.但在某些情况下，发爆破音时，气流不必冲破阻碍，而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍，并稍作停顿(也就是说，做好发这个音的准备,但不要发出音来)，这样的发音过程叫做“不完全爆破” 2 Common Phenomena of Incomplete PlosiveIncomplete PlosiveExamples[p］、[b]、［t]、[d]、[k］、[g］这六个爆破音中任何两个音素相邻时，前者发不完全爆破音,后者则要完全地爆破1) He has a ba(d） col（d) today2) You shoul(d) ta(k）e care of the children.3) Gla（d） to meet you. Phrase Practice 1爆破音[p］、［b］、[t］、［d］、［k］、[g］在 [F], [v], [θ], ［ð］， [tS]， [dZ], [s], [z], [S], [Z]前面时不完全爆破。

1) Have you rea(d） the book abou（t） tha（t） child.2) The thir（d） chair is brokenPhrase Practice 2,3爆破音［p］、［b]、[t]、[d］、［k］、[g］在鼻音［m]、[n]或舌边音[l]前面时不完全爆破1) Goo(d) morning, sir.2） Goo（d) night.3) They are very frien（d）ly to usPhrase Practice4,5不完全爆破可以发生在单词内部，如blackboard，kindness也可以发生在短语或句子中,E.g For many people in the west， New Year’s Eve is the bigges(t） party of the year It’s time to ge（t) together with friends or familySing the Song （Hey Jude）Dictation (Creativity)二、由英、美两种发音差异导致的错误 （different pronunciation in British English and American English)1。

在［r]音上的差异 (the difference of the sound [r］） 在一个单词里,当字母r位于一个元音的后面时，英式英语一般不将[r]音发出,而美式英语中则总是把它发出来如：farm 在英式英语中读作[F a:M], 而在美式英语中读作［fa:rm]；car 在英式英语中读作［ka：］，而在美式英语中读作［ka:r]也就是说，在英国标准音中，字母r在元音前才发音,如real，而在。