略论文学作品的意义生成——一个诠释学角度的考察（英文）.doc

略论文学作品的意义生成 一个诠释学角度的考察（英文）朱立元黄德远Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Fudan University摘要：文学作品的意义来源，可以从不同视角考察，诠释学应该是最重要的视角之一 20世纪中期以来，西方诠释学有两个重要理论思潮:一是从海德格尔到伽达默 尔的哲学本体论（存在论）诠释学，导向读者中心论的意义观;二是以意大利哲 学家贝蒂为代表的“作为精神科学一般方法论的诠释学”，肯定作者（主体） 是作甜意义重要来源之一由于复杂的原因，后一种诠释学理论影响较小，伽达 默尔的本体论诠释学牢牢占据了欧美学界的主流地位20世纪90年代以来中国 文艺学界同样主要受到从海德格尔、伽达默尔到接受美学的诠释学理论的重大影 响，贝蒂的影响几乎可以忽略不计于是造成读者中心论的文学作品意义观被广 泛接受，而把作者赋予作品初始意义的作用淡化甚至否定了2014年张江提出“强制阐述”论以来，学界开始反思读者中心论的文学作甜意义观的片而性 （相对主义、主观主义），重新关注作者意义在文学作品意义生成中不可否认的 重要性木文借鉴贝蒂的诠释学思路和方法论，结合文学创作实践，论述文学作 品的意义既不是单单由作者赋予的，也不是完全由读者创造的，而是由作者与 读者双向互动、共同创造的，是在作者、作品文本和读者三要素动态流程中不断 生成的。

关键词：本体论与方法论的诠释学； 作者; 文本; 读者; 意义生成;作者简介：Zhu Li yuan, is Director of the Department of Chinese Language and Lit erature, Fuda n Univers ity, Direc tor of the School of International Cultural Exchange, Fudan University, Vice President of the Chinese Society for Aesthetics, Vice President of the China Association of Sino-Foreign Literary and Art Theory, Vice President of the Chinese Association of Literary and Art Theory, and President of theShanghai Aesthetics Society. He is also a member of the Chinese Writers^ Association. In 1997, China" s Ministry of Personnel awarded him the title of ^National Outstanding Young Expertv for his noteworthy contributions. His main research interests are literary theory and aesthetics. His representative publications include: uRethinking the Proposition Literary Study is the Study of Man ” （对"文学是人 学”命题之再认 识，Literary Review 文学评论］,2012, no. 1） ; "Go your Own Way:Ref lecti ons upon the Const rue tion of Chinese Lite rary Theory in the 21s t Century"（走自己的路一一对于迈向21世纪的中国文论建设问题的思考， Literary Review, 2000, no. 2） ;Towards Practical Existential Aesthetics （走向实践存在论美学，Suzhou: Soochow University Press, 2007） ;and Selected Theses on Hegelian Aesthetic Theory （黑格尔美学论稿,Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 1986） • E-mail: wyingb@163. com.作者简介：Huang Dcyuan, is a professional translator. E-mail: one-sisyphus@hotmai1. com・A Brief Discussion of the Generation of Meaning in Literary Works: A Hermeneutic ExaminationZhu Liyuan Huang DeyuanDepartment of Chinese Language and Literature,Fudan University;Abstract：The sources of meanings of literary works can be reviewed from various angles, one of which should be hermeneutics. Since the mid-20" century, Western hermeneutics developed two important types of theories: one was the onto logical hermeneutics from Martin Heidegger to Han s-Georg Gadamer, ori entated towards the reader-centered theory i n terms of the vi ew of meanings; the other was the ^hcrmcncutics as the general methodology of the Geisteswissenschaften" represented by Italian philosopher Emilio Betti, which affirmed that the author （subject） was one of the important sources of meanings of works. Due to intricate reasons, the latter exerted less influenee, and Gadamers ontological hermeneutics firmly stuck to a mainstay position in European and American academia. Since the 1990s, the circle of literature in China has also been greatly influenced by the hermeneutic theories from Heidegger and Gadamer to reception aesthetics, and Bettis impact almost can be neglected・ Consequently, the view of meanings of 1iterary works from the perspective of the reader~centered theory has been widely accepted, and the role of the author to endow initial meanings to his works was belittled and even denied. Since Zhang Jia ng advanced the t heory of "imposed int erpre tation” in 2014, academia has begun to reflcct upon the onc-sidcclncss of the rcadcr-ccntcred theory (relativism and subjectivism) , and pick up the significance, which can not be denied, of the authors meaning in the generation of meanings of literary works. In reference to Betti" s hermeneutic train of thought and methodology, this essay, based on the practice of 1iterary creation, concludes that the mcaning of a literary work is created by the author and readers together in their interaction, and constantly generated in the dynamic process of the three factors of author, literary texts and readers, rather than by the author alone, or by readers solely.Keyword：ontological and methodological hermeneutics; author; text; reader; generation of meaning;Where does the meaning of a literary work come from?This is an old but constantly renewed question. A longstanding consensus among Western literary theorists and aestheticians held that a works meaning comes from its author> In the late 19 and early 20 centuries, with the rise of psychology emd aesthetics, this view extenclccl its influcnc with most critics emphasizing research into lives, experiences and biographical records of writers in an attempt to discover their true creative in tentions through “aut hor-cen tered t heory. ” In the first half of the 20 century, however, with the "linguistic turn” and the rise of Russian formalism, new criti cism, anal ytic aes theti cs, st rue tu ralism, semi otics and the like, the exploration of meanings has turned from writ。