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小学英语语法 整理版.doc

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    • 小学英语语法必备重点一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以o. s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives thief - thievies5.不规则名词复数:this – these 这些 that – those 那些man-men 男人 woman-women女人 policeman-policemen 男警察policewoman-policewomen 女警察 mouse-mice 老鼠 am, is - are 是 child-children 儿童 foot-feet 脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿单复数一样的:sheep – sheep 羊 fish-fish鱼 people-people人们 Chinese-Chinese中国人 Japanese-Japanese日本人注:There be( is, are)句型 :There is a / an + 可数名词单数。

      意思是“有…” There is an apple on the desk.There are + 可数名词复数 There are many children. 有许多儿童二、一般现在时一般现在时的构成 : 1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are ) + 其它如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩 Amy is happy. They are angry. 2.行为动词:主语(We, They, You, 两个以上的人名,复数) + 行为动词(+其它)如:We study English.我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it或者单个人名)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语 Amy feels happy.一般现在时的变化:1. 含有be(am, is, are)的肯定句变成否定句,在be(am, is, are)+ not.如:He is a teacher 他是老师. He is not a worker. 他不是老师含有be(am, is, are)的肯定句变成一般疑问句,把be(am, is, are)放在句首如:They are students. 他们是学生。

      Are they students? 他们是学生吗? 肯定回答:Yes, they are. 否定回答: No, they aren’t. 特殊:I am happy. 我很快乐 Are you happy? 你快乐吗? 肯定回答:Yes, I am. 否定回答: No, I am not. 2. 行为动词的变化 行为动词的肯定句变成否定句,don’t + 动词原形 + 其他   I like bread. 我喜欢面包 I don't like bread. 我不喜欢面包 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't + 动词原形, 构成否定句如:He often plays basketball. 他经常打篮球 He doesn't often play basketball .一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它如:- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。

      如:- Does she go to work by bike?  - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句如:How does your father go to work?动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks (挤奶) 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches,3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies总之,如果句子含有am, is, are中的其中一个,变疑问句,则把am, is, are放在句首如果句子中含有实意动词,第三人称单数用Does提问,其他都用Do提问,后面都用动词原形,句号变成问号三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作标志性单词:Look 看, Listen 听 now 现在2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be(am, is, are) +动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be(am, is, are)后加not。

      4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be(am, is, are)动词调到句首动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping swim – swimming 四、将来时一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等 二、基本结构:①be (am, is, are ) going to + do; ②will+ do. 三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。

      例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况1. 问人Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.2.   问干什么What … do.例如:My father is going to watch a race with me this   afternoon. → What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.  问什么时候When. 例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. When is she going   to bed?六、同义句:be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 五、比较级比较级即两者之间进行比较,常见词 than, or.结构:1. 一般情况下,在原词的末尾加er(最高级加est) tall—taller – tallest2. 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词,直接加r, 最高级加st. nice – nicer – nicest3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改成i, 再加er或者est. easy – easier – easiest 容易的 – 更容易的 – 最容易的4. 以重读闭音节(辅音 + 元音 + 辅音)结尾的,双写末尾的辅音字母后加er或者est. big – bigger – biggest 5. 多音节或双音节在原词加 more / most 如:beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful 漂亮的 – 更漂亮的 – 最漂亮的 不规则变化:many / much – more – most 许多 good / well – better – best 好的bad / ill – worse – worst 坏的 little – less – least 少的最高级和序数词前面一定要用 the, 如:the first floor the most beautiful其他重点:1. like / enjoy + 动词ing. 2. can, can’t / do, don’t/ does , doesn’t / did, didn’t / must / may / will , won’t / would, wouldn’t / to + 动词原形。

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