人类发展生态学视野下幼儿园区域活动研究——以桂林市某幼儿园为例.pdf

广西师范大学硕士学位论文人类发展生态学视野下幼儿园区域活动研究——以桂林市某幼 儿园为例姓名：郝萍瑞申请学位级别：硕士专业：教育学原理指导教师：徐莉20080401I人类发展生态学视野下幼儿园区域活动研究人类发展生态学视野下幼儿园区域活动研究 ——以桂林市某幼儿园为例——以桂林市某幼儿园为例 姓名：郝萍瑞 指导教师：徐莉 教授 专业：教育学原理 研究方向：学前教育 年级：2005 级 摘摘 要要 幼儿正处于身心蓬勃发展的阶段，重视幼儿成长的环境，已经成为当今幼教改革的一个重要趋势可是，目前对幼儿与环境的研究中，多数集中在不同环境下幼儿的发展会有什么不一样，而很少考虑环境与幼儿的交互方式有什么不同究竟哪些环境因素在幼儿的发展中起作用，怎么起作用，幼儿对它有什么体验及表现出什么行为等都有待更深入的探讨人类发展生态学理论重视人与环境的双向互动，探究环境中各生态因子对人的发展的作用及人与环境中各生态因子的交互作用本研究运用人类发展生态学理论作为分析的理论框架，探究区域生态环境中幼儿与各生态因子之间的关系，主要从人类发展生态学理论中的活动、人际关系、角色 3 个视角来对区域活动生态进行分析，探讨这 3 个视角下区域活动的特点，最后对目前区域活动中存在的问题进行思考，以期为改善区域活动生态提供一定的实践支持，最终达到幼儿在区域活动中获得更好发展的目的。

限于目前我国的区域活动研究还多是经验性的总结， 因此本研究采用自然观察法、 访谈法等研究方法收集资料，运用人类发展生态学理论研究区域活动，以期对后续的理论研究做好铺垫作用，丰富幼儿园区域活动的理论 本研究共分六部分： 前言，介绍研究缘起、相关概念、前人研究成果及本研究的思路和方法 第一部分，从人类发展生态学的概念、人类发展生态学的生态系统模型结构和小系统理论的 3 个特征 3 方面介绍人类发展生态学理论的主要观点 第二部分，以活动为视角，从活动的种类、活动的心理动量、活动的结构和活动主体感知的心理场等 4 个方面对区域活动生态进行分析，归纳出活动视角下区域活动的特点：1.从活动的种类看，区域活动的内容丰富；2.从活动的心理动量看，区域活动主要由幼儿发起，在活动中幼儿无明显的注意集中与不集中现象，幼儿对干扰的态度根据干扰源的不同而有所不同；3.从活动的结构看，区域活动是个延续的过程；4.从活动主体感知的心理场看，区域活动主体能够通过想象或对客观环境的重新构建来实现生活空间的扩展 II第三部分，以人际关系为视角，从观察性双人关系、联合活动双人关系、基本的双人关系等 3 方面对区域活动生态进行分析，归纳出人际关系视角下区域活动的特点：1.区域活动中有不同种类的双人关系同时发生，产生联合的效果；2.区域活动中参与活动的双方的相互作用是直接的，相互间积极的情感有助于能量向发展的幼儿流动；3.区域活动的人际关系主要表现为观察性双人关系和联合活动双人关系；4.区域活动观察性双人关系容易建立在联合活动双人关系的基础上。

第四部分，以角色为视角，从区域活动中的角色和游戏情境中的角色两方面对区域活动生态进行分析，归纳出角色视角下区域活动的特点：1.区域活动中的教师与幼儿承担的角色呈现多样性；2.在区域活动中，教师和幼儿在承担不同角色的过程中体验着区域活动的丰富性；3.区域活动中教师与幼儿扮演的角色容易表现出与角色期望相一致的活动和人际关系；4.在区域活动中，教师承担的角色与角色期望行为是否相一致同处于同一环境的幼儿承担的角色有关；5.区域活动中，在教师根据情境不断变换角色的同时，幼儿的角色随之改变，他们的行为也会随之变化 第五部分，对前面的分析进行总结，对区域活动生态进行思考，主要有 5 点：第一，区域活动的重要特征是体验；第二，区域活动时间的灵活性；第三，区域活动空间的开放性；第四，区域活动主体的互动共生性；第五，区域活动内容的延续性 关键词： 人类发展生态学 区域活动 活动 人际关系 角色 IIIThe Regional Activities of Kindergarten on the Perspective of the Ecology of Human Development —— Take One Kindergarten of Guilin The Regional Activities of Kindergarten on the Perspective of the Ecology of Human Development —— Take One Kindergarten of Guilin Author: Hao Pingrui Tutor: Professor Xu Li Specialty: Pedagogy Field: Preschool education Grade: 2005 Abstract Author: Hao Pingrui Tutor: Professor Xu Li Specialty: Pedagogy Field: Preschool education Grade: 2005 Abstract Kids are in the flourish stage of mental and physical growth stage. Paying attenion to the growth of children’s environment has become an important trend of today's kindergarten education reform. However, the current study on the relationship of kids and environment mostly concentrated on the children’s development which would have differences under different circumstances, but rarely consider the difference between environment and children's interactive style. Actually what and how the environmental factors work in the stage of children development, children’s experience and acts in the environment and so on, which still needs to be more in-depth study. The ecology of human development theory attaches importance to the interaction between People and environment, which explores the role of ecological factors in the environment to human development and the interaction between man and the various ecological factors of environment. Therefore, this article takes ecology theory of human development as a framework for theoric analysis, exploring the relationship between kids and ecological factors in the regional ecological environment. It mainly research from molar activity, interpersonal relation, role of the ecology of human development theory to analyze the regional ecological activities and to discuss the characteristics of that from above perspectives. Finally, the article will try to reflect on the problems of the current regional activities，and to provide a certain degree of practical support for improving regional ecological activities，then achieve the IVgoals of that kids will gain better development in the regional activities in the last. At present, China's regional activities research is limited to empirical summary. So this study adopt natural observation, interviews and other research methods to collect information.Use the ecology of human development theory to study regional activities, which will pave the way to the Follow-up theoretical research, also it will enrich Kindergarten regional activitiy theory. This paper is divided into 6 parts: Preface, The origins of this study, The related conception, The previous research, The method and arrangement of this research. Part 1: Introducing the major points of the ecology of human development from the following 3 perspectives: the conception and ecology system model structure of the ecology of human development and the 3 features of microsystem theory. Part 2: On the perspective of molar activity , analyzing the ecology of regional activities to conclude the features of regional activities from the following 4 parts: types of activity, psychological momentum of activity, structure of activity, main body sensation’s Psychological field of activity: 1. 。