直接引语及间接引语.docx

直接引语及间接引语直接引语和间接引语直接引语是直接引述他人的原话，原话用有引号，而间接引语是引述他人的话，不用引号间接引语在多半状况下组成宾语从句直接引语改为间接引语时，引述动词是此刻时，则间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式不变比如： She says, “ I ’ll never forget the moment变为间接引语为 She says that she ’ll neverforget the moment. 可是如引述动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地址、人称等一般要作相应的变化按照以下规律：一、一般规律在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowThentodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforelast weekthe week beforetomorrowthe next daynext yearthe next yearTwo days agotwo days before地址状语herethere动词时态一般此刻时一般过去时现左进行时过去进行时此刻达成时过去达成时一般过去时过去达成时过去达成时（不变）一般未来时过去未来时动词变化can/maycould/mightmusthad tocomegobringtake二、三因素。

我们要很好地掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目，重点要掌握以下“三因素” / 因素一：陈说句的间接引语——连结词用that，在口语中可省略引述动词用said, told, ,等比如：1) He said: “ I ’ ve left my book in my room→.He told me that he had left his book in his room.2) She said: “ He will be busy→. ”She said that he would be busy.”因素二： 疑问句的间接引语一般疑问句后连结词用if或 whether，而引述选择疑问句时只好用 whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接引语的能够加一个间接宾语me, him等，比如：She said to Tom, “ Can you help→ me ”She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.1) She asked, “ Is this book yours or →hisShe asked me whether that book was mine or his.”(2) 特别疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连结词，改为陈说语序。

比如：The teacher asked, “ how did you repair→ it ”The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.因素三：祈使句的间接引语——采纳“动词+宾语 +不定式”构造told即asked sb. (not) to do sth.orderedwarned注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语引语中的please 去掉，动词改为ask1) The teacher said to the students, “ Don’ t waste→your time.The teacher told the students not to waste their time.2) The mother said, “ Tom, get up early, please→. ”The mother asked Tom to get up early.”三、 “五不变”在直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特别状况1． 直接引语假如是客观真谛，谚（习）语，变间接引语不时态不变比如：The teacher said, “ The earth goes round the→ sun.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.My father said, “ Practice makes perfect→. ”My father said practice makes perfect.”2. 直接引语中被引述的部分是频频出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时状况仍旧存在的，变间接引语时，时态保持不变，比如：The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every→ day.The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.He said, “ We are still students→. ’He said they are still students.”3． 直接引语假如有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变。

比如：He said to me, “ I was born in 1978→. ”He told me that he was born in 1978.The engineer said, “ I was at college in→1967.The engineer said he was at college in 1967.”4．直接引语中凡有 When， since，while 指引的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变比如：He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.→ ”He said he had studied English since he was a boy.She said, “ I read the book while I was waiting for a bus→.She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.Mr. Green said to t hem, “ Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.→Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.5．假如直接引语中引述部分含有 insist, suggest, demand 等指引的虚构宾语从句，变间接”引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变。

比如：He said, “ We insisted thate start immediately. →He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.She said, “ He demanded that the girl leave at once→. ”She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.此外，假如说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变.比如：I said to him,假如就在当地转述“ I have finished→I toldit. him I had” finished it., here 不用变为 there， come 不用改为 go，假如就在当日转述，则today, yesterday, tomorrow 等状语也不用变化比如：She said to us, I ’ ll come here tomorrow→. ”She told us she would come here tomorrow.。