
tem 8 考试 翻译实战.ppt
82页TEM8考试翻译实战1. 学生课堂演示2. TEM 8考试翻译实战3. 课堂作业CONTENTS学生课后作业展示 Students’ Presentation(For 30minutes)Analysis of Homework After PresentationZhang Ganzhou插入学生课后所完成的作业CONTENTSTEM 8试卷中的文化因素分析TEM 8试卷中语义与话语组织TEM 8试卷中语用和语篇问题TEM 8试卷中的语篇衔接问题Exercise in Class Part IITEM 8试卷中汉英翻译的问题分析与实践Exercise in Class Part I【1996年TEM8汉译英试题】在巴黎,名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会在这种场合陌生人相识,如果是亚洲人,他们往往开口之前必恭必敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方,这好象是不可缺少的的礼节然而,法国人却都不大主动递送名片,双方见面寒暄几句,甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开,只有当双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时,才会主动掏出名片二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强要翻译好,首先要先彻底理解原文汉语的一词多义和英语的多次一义现象,要求译者一定要充分理解各个词语所处的语境。
上面一段文字中涉及“寒暄”、“海阔天空”、“二话不说”、“投机”、“酒会”、“冷餐会”等词语理解、语言表达和文化因素1. 理解 外语教学与研究出版社《现代汉语词典》 2002年11月第一版:【寒暄】见面时谈天气冷暖之类的应酬话Exchange of pleasantries; engage in small talk about weather; pass the time of day. 例:宾主寒暄了一阵,变转入正题 After exchanging pleasantries, host and guest got down to business.【海阔天空】形容大自然的广阔,也比喻想象或说话毫无拘束, 漫无边际 (fig.) unrestrained and far-ranging (speaking or imaginary) 例:两人都很健谈,海阔天空,聊起来没个完 They were both talkative and had a rambling chat about everything under the sun. 【二话】别的话;不同的意见 other words; different opinions 例:二话不提 without much ado; without demur.【投机】①见解相同 agreeable; congenial; having the same opinion; holding the same view 例:话不投机 disagreeable conversation; 我们一路上谈得很投机 We had a congenial talk during the journey ② 利用时机谋取私利 speculate; be a profiteer 例:投机取利 be opportunistic; seize every chance to gain advantage by trickery. 投机买卖 speculative business. 理解正确理解不透彻 理解错误寒暄12人( 18%)52人( 77%)4人 (5% )海阔天空15人( 22%)48人( 71%)5人 (7% )二话不说23人( 35%)43人( 63%)2人 (2% )调查统计学生总数为68人。
上表摘自《中国翻译》,1997年,No.2 邵志洪1996年TEM8考试试卷中下列三词语理解统计表从上表中看,有65%以上的学生对这三个词语理解有误看下列学生翻译举例学生1】双方见面寒暄几句……也就各自走开 They will leave after exchanges of some polite expressions of formulas. 【学生2】甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开They will leave even after a lot of talking.【学生3】二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强It seems unnatural to offer visiting cards without a word.【学生4】只有当双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时,…Only when they are speculative in their conversation and hope to keep in touch… .出现这些问题的原因,主要是由于忽视了词语在不同语境下的不同含义因此,翻译时一定要结合上下文的语境,深入理解原文的每一个词语,切莫断章取义或望文生义。
2. 表达理解之后,紧接着应当按照英语的思维方式和句法结构进行合理的表达,尽量避免翻译时受汉语思维方式或句法结构的影响,把汉语迁移到英语学生5】在巴黎,名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会In Paris, various cocktail parties and buffet meals are good opportunities to make a lot of friends.〖修改〗In Paris, various cocktail parties and buffet dinners provide excellent opportunities to make a lot of friends.【学生6】只有当双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时,才会主动掏出名片Only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship they will offer name cards. 〖修改〗 Only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship will they offer name cards.3. 考虑文化因素其实,翻译时最大的困难,莫过于把原语所处的文化中的一些浅显易懂的东西,成功地用另一种文化去再现。
学生7】冷餐会 get-together at which hosts offer their guests cold food.〖修改〗冷餐会 buffet meal (lunch, party, reception).【学生8】如果是亚洲人,他们往往开口之前必恭必敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方,这好象是不可缺少的的 礼节Asians usually present their ID cards humbly with both hands before the conversation, which seems to be their custom.【1996年TEM8汉译英试题】 【参考译文】在巴黎,名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会在这种场合陌生人相识,如果是亚洲人,他们往往开口之前必恭必敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方,这好象是不可缺少的的礼节 In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet dinners in honor of this or that (or in various names) provide excellent opportunities to make lots of friends. When strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation, which seems to be required by etiquette. 然而,法国人却都不大主动递送名片,双方见面寒暄 几句,甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开,只有当 双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时,才会主动掏出名片 。
二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强However, the French usually are not to ready with such a formality that they will excuse themselves after exchanges if a few words of greetings or even after a rambling chat about everything under the sun. They will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship. And it seems somewhat unnatural for them to do so before getting into conversation. 【2002年TEM8汉译英试题】大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等所以人们对于大自然,全都一致并深深地依赖着尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。
这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍存了下来前面讲过,要翻译好,首先要先彻底理解原文但是,仅仅理解了词语、能够进行流畅的语言表达、理清了文化因素,有时翻译出来的文字仍然不一定是好的翻译还需要从词汇语义和话语组织上做适当的选择1.词汇语义分析不同语言在一定场合下会出现词语空缺(lexical gap)汉英之间的词语项空缺表现在 ㈠ 词的多义交叉不完全一致;㈡ 同一词义所表达的内涵不完全一样英汉语言中词语之间的俗成搭配,即词的同现关系(C0-occurrence relationship)(许余龙,1992:153)存在很大的差异所以,TEM 8考试中,学生做汉译英是往往出现顾此失彼的问题如原文中的“酿酒和饮酒”中的“酒”,在英语中有很多选项 “alcohol, wine, liquor, spirits, beer, whisky”等因此,学生试卷中出现了:Brew wine and drink alcohol;Brew spirits and drink wine;Brew wind and drink beer;Brew beer and drink whisky;Brew spirits and drink liquor等比较恰当的处理方法是:① 使用并列及物动词加共同宾语的方法,即:brew and drink wine;② 直接使用并列不及物动词表达的方法,即: brew and drink .另外,原文中的“喂牛和挤奶”中的“牛”,在英语中也有很多选项 “bull, cow, calf, ox, bullock(阉牛), buffalo, cattle, moggy”等。
因此,学生试卷中出现了:Feed bulls and milk cowsFeed oxen and milk themFeed bulls for milk 等比较恰当的处理方法是:① 使用并列及物动词加共同宾语的方法,即:feed cattle and milk cows; feed cows and milk them, feed and milk cows; feed cows for milk等② 直接使用并列不及物动词表达的方法,即: feed and milk. 但是这种方法并不一定妥当2.话语组织英汉语言中都普遍存在平行的使。












