2001年医学博士外语真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互.pdf

2001年医学博士外语真题试卷( 总分 208, 做题时间 90分钟) 1. Section ASSS_SINGLE_SEL1. A It s a symbol of strength and courage. B It s a symbol of power and independence. C It s a symbol of competence and courage. D It s a symbol of strength and confidence. 该题您未回答 : 该问题分值 : 2答案:A 解析：录音讲到美国获得独立之后American leaders将 bald eagle定为 a symbol of their country，因为 it s a bird of strength and courageSSS_SINGLE_SEL2. A The polluted fish killed 3,000 of them. B Insects poisoned so many of them. C Pollution greatly reduced their number. D Pesticides made them extinct. 该题您未回答 : 该问题分值 : 2答案:C 解析：录音讲到 200 多年后 the bald eagle几乎消失了，这种鸟数量减少的原因是 pollution，由此可知选项C正确。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL3. A The bird is not adored any more. B The bird does not eat the poisonous fish. C The bird begins to lay fewer and fewer eggs. D Measures are being taken to save the bird. Talk Two 该题您未回答 : 该问题分值 : 2答案:D 解析：录音最后讲到美国政府和人民are trying to protect the bald eagle ，由此可知选项 D正确文章最后讲这种鸟remain a symbol of strength and courage，由此可排除 A项文章没有提到选项B、C的说法SSS_SINGLE_SEL4. A To go sightseeing in the town-center. B To lose his way intentionally. C To pay a visit to the suburb D To wander about the streets 该题您未回答 : 该问题分值 : 2答案:B 解析：通过录音中的“ I decided to lose my way deliberately on my second day ”可知选项 B正确。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL5. A To know more of the city. B To practise the language. C To get to know his way around the suburb. D To while away the hours. 该题您未回答 : 该问题分值 : 2答案:A 解析：讲话者想要故意让自己迷路是因为他认为这是the surest way of getting to know my wayaround，通过前面讲到的“ I did not know the city at all”可知这里是说他想更多地了解这座城市SSS_SINGLE_SEL6. A He was unable to find his way back. B A policeman could help him with his problem. C He failed to communicate with the policeman. D All of the above. 该题您未回答 : 该问题分值 : 2答案:C 解析：讲话者想回去时，他找到警察问路，由于他不会讲这里的语言，他无法和警察沟通。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL7. A The policeman showed him the railway station. B He found the place where he lived. C He was misled to a wrong place. D He decided to stay in the country. Talk Three 该题您未回答 : 该问题分值 : 2答案:C 解析：录音讲到他顺着警察指的方向走，却发现自己走到了农村，他只好去找最近的火车站，这就表明警察给他指错了路SSS_SINGLE_SEL8. A A case of active euthanasia. B A case of passive euthanasia. C A case of prostate cancer. D A case of community medical service. 该题您未回答 : 该问题分值 : 2答案:A 解析：录音中的“ choose the time of his own passing”，“made his decision to finish the journey”以及“ voluntary euthanasia”都显示出这里讲的是一次自愿的安乐死(active euthanasia)。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL9. A His prostate cancer. B The right time. C His wife s idea. D Three signatures. 该题您未回答 : 该问题分值 : 2答案:D 解析：录音讲到在获得了three signatures required from his own doctor ，a cancer specialist and apsychiatrist之后， Dent 便可以自由选择 the time of his own passing了SSS_SINGLE_SEL10. A Painfully. B Apathetically. C Peacefully. D Angrily. 该题您未回答 : 该问题分值 : 2答案:C 解析：录音讲到 Dent 死去时房间里非常安静，他注射药物几秒后就睡着了，几分钟后 he wasdead，由这些描写可以看出Dent 死得非常平静2. Section BApplied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always【B1】_for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds 【B2】_by industrywhich is naturally far more concerned with 【B3】_because these increase profits quicklythe funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its over-all research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to 【B4】_Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, Development will 【B5】_prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making【B6】_will be lost. Unfortunately , pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon【B7】_science, tend to 【B8】_the quality of the nation s technology in the long run, rather than to improve it. 3. Part Writing1. Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article. 尽管冬季寒冷，但是仍需进行必要的体育锻炼。

寒冷的气候条件下进行体育锻炼，一定要注意自我保健，否则，会适得其反，冻坏身体冬季体育锻炼项目主要有滑冰、滑雪、晨练、冬泳等，下面结合冬季气候作介绍首先是着装问题服装的隔热值必须与运动中增强的代谢产热过程平衡在冷天中多穿衣服，衣服在皮肤之外包住一层温暖的空气，使传导散热过程减弱但在运动时，机体的产热大大增加，如果穿得过多，反而有害，应穿轻便的衣服这样在运动中产热增加时，可以方便地脱掉近年来服装制造商在发展轻质服装方面不断改进，这样可以保证良好的隔热性，同时又保证了活动的自由性在寒冷环境下运动时，机体能量代谢增强，产热增加，此时机体血管扩展，大大降低了身体对寒冷的抵抗能力因此，在运动间隙要特别注意保暖，及时加衣寒冷环境中运动时能量消耗大，代谢水平高，使身体内的能源物质消耗增多，在代谢过程中还需要各种维生素的参与，如维生素B 1、B 2、B 3、烟酸、维生素 C等需求增加 因此，对于从事滑冰、滑雪及在寒冷环境下锻炼者的膳食应注意增加较多的热量一般来说，冬季比春季从事同等强度的运动热量消耗高10左右据测算，一个成年人两小时的滑冰练习可增加消耗10001500 千卡热量在三大物质的比例中，因脂肪具有产热量多的特点，且增加脂肪有助于机体御寒，故应适当增加脂肪的供能比例，一般可占全部热量的25一 30；而蛋白质也应偏高，占 12一 18；其余由糖来供给。

体育运动者按每天消耗3500卡热量计算，蛋白质约需130 克，脂肪 150 克，糖约 480 克，相当于每天应摄入米饭或馒头 600 克左右，鸡肉 100 克，瘦猪肉 200 克，鸡蛋两个，牛奶两杯，植物油 50 克等 冰雪项目锻炼中，膳食中维生素也应相应增加，维生素C能增强人体对寒冷的适应能力据文献，摄入大量维生素可明显减少寒冷环境中的体温下降幅度，缓解机体肾上腺的过度应激反应，增加机体耐寒能力冬泳是我国北方的一大特色，冬泳健身在理论上有其科学性，但冬泳毕竟是一项冒险的运动，必须掌握科学的方法反之，就会影响身体健康，甚至诱发疾病一是冬泳锻炼应从秋季的冷水浴开始，逐渐提高对寒冷的适应能力；冬泳期间应加强高能量饮食的补充，冬泳前不要喝酒；对于心、肝。