九年级专项复习第一讲名词参考.doc

文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！ (Go for it)新目标九年级英语毕业专项复习教案、学案、讲义及专项训练---名词九年级专项复习 第一讲 名词年级： 九年级 科目： 英语 主备人：  审阅人：       时间： 1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写如：Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称如：student, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词如：water, news, oil, population, information .2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s如：photo→photos, piano→pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese， mouse→mice, Englishman →Eenglishmen , deer→ deer , Chinese→ Chinese. Japanese→ Japanese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。

如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk. 3、名词所有格：1、  名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s如：Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词只在词尾加’如：Teachers’ Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如：today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息),China’s population(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系主要用于表示无生命的物品的名词)如： a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).2、[注解]： ① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)④部分名词之间可以用to 来表示所属关系。

如：the answer to the question“这个问题的答案”；the key to the door“门上的钥匙”；the way to+地点“通往某地道路”；the bridge to the knowledge“通往知识的桥梁”4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：1、主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。

如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。

如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句) 写出下列名词的复数形式：1. pencil-box ___________ 2.wife _______ 3. Sunday________4. city______ 5. dress _______6. Englishman ________7. match _______ 8. Chinese ________9. zoo ________10. exam________ 11. German __________12. I have a lot of ________(作业) to do every day.13. His _______(裤子) are new, but mine are old.14. It is the best one of the _________ (照片) in my family.15. Are they building any _______ (图书馆) in the city?16. Can you cut this big pear into two _______(半)?17. At the end of _______(八月), you must get ready for the new school year.18.Are these_____ (watch)yours? Yes. 19.You don't look well.You'd bett er go to the______ (doctor) at once20. I like a_______. It’s neither hot nor cold.㈡、选择填充1 .June 1st is ____ Day all over the world.A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Children’sD. Childrens’2 .September 10th is ___ Day in China, isn’t it?A. Teacher’sB. Teachers’C. TeacherD. Teac。