2022年成考专升本英语重点语法六：动词.docx

2022年成考专升本英语重点语法六：动词六、动词 　　1、动词分类（一）：连系动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词 　　1.1常用的连系动词有： 　　appear be become come fall feel get go grow keep 　　lie remain rest run smell sound stand stay taste look 　　1.2实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分 　　1.3助动词无实际意义，只起语法作用： 　　Do you read newspaper every day？ The job will be finished soon. 　　1.4情态动词不能单独作谓语，增加谓语的情态、语气等色调 　　2、动词种类（二） 　　2.1界限性动词（不能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用），如： 　　catch come die find give join kill lose leave marry realize 　　2.2非界限性动词（所表示的动作或状态可以始终进行下去） 　　①动态动词：live， sit， stand， study， talk， work， write等 　　②状态动词：be， belong， consist， exist， feel， hate， have， hope， love， want等 　　3、常跟双宾语的动词有： 　　ask bring buy choose do deny fetch get give grant hand leave lend 　　make offer order pay pass promise sell send show take teach tell write 　　常见动词搭配： 　　1、动词 + 介词： 　　listen to听 amount to等于 long for渴望 call on号召 operate on 为……动手术 　　consist of 由……组成 resist in坚持 account for说明 look at 看 care for 照看 　　object to反对 send for 派人去请 rely on 依靠 depend on 依靠 stand for代表 　　laugh at 讪笑 wait for等待 look into调查 apply for申请 believe in 信仰 　　play with玩 come across碰见 go through通过 　　2、动词 + 副词： 　　give up放弃 carry out执行 look up查找 point out指出 bring up抚养 　　find out查明 hand in上交 make out认出 think over考虑 put on穿 　　wipe out歼灭 pick up拣起 throw away抛弃 set up建立 take off脱掉 　　turn down拒绝 give away暴露 hand out分发 call off取消 turn off关掉 　　knock off停工 stand up起立 break down出毛病 look out当心 take off起飞 　　run out耗尽 catch up赶上 give in让步 grow up长大 hang around逗留 　　pass away去世 show off炫耀 drop out退出 get up起床 go on 接着 　　3、动词 + 副词 + 介词： 　　cut down on削减 get along with与…相处 run out of 用光 look up to敬重 date back to追溯 　　get through with完成 keep up with 跟上 make up for 补偿 come down with患病 sit in on旁听 　　do away with 抛弃 look forward to 期望 put up with 忍受 stand up to反对 look down upon瞧不起 　　4、动词 + 名词 + 介词 　　catch sight of 望见 find fault with挑…毛病 keep an eye on照看 make fun of 取笑 　　make friends with与…交友 pay attention to留意 shake hands with与…握手 take advantage of 利用 　　take part in参与 get rid of摆脱 give rise to引起 lose sight of 看不见 　　make use of 利用 take care of照料 throw light on阐明 put a stop to结束 　　时态 　　体态 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 　　时间 be +现在分词 have+过去分词 have been+ 　　现在分词 　　现在 works 　　work is 　　am + working 　　are has 　　have+worked has 　　have+been working 　　过去 worked was 　　were + working had worked had been working 　　将来 will 　　shall +work will 　　shall +be working will 　　shall+have worked will 　　shall+have been working 　　过去将来 would 　　should+work would 　　should+be working would 　　should+have worked would 　　should +have been working 　　1、一般现在时 　　1.1表习惯性动作；人或事物的特性或状态；客观真理等 　　Everyone is in high spirits. Light travels more quickly than sound. 　　1.2用于时间和条件状语从句，代替一般将来时 　　If it is fine tomorrow， we will go on a picnic. When you come next time， bring me some magazines. 　　1.3与具有"动身，到达"含义的动词连用，表示按安排将要发生的动作 　　The delegation arrives in Beijing this afternoon. There is a new film tonight. 　　2、一般过去时（表示过去某时间的动作或状态） 　　The children went out just now. She died ten years ago. I lost my wallet at the theatre. 　　3、一般将来时 　　3.1 will/shall do： Next month， my sister will be nineteen. I shall/will return you the book tomorrow. 　　3.2 be going to do： The wall is going to be painted green. It is going to rain. 　　3.3 be to do表示按安排要发生的事： We are to meet at the school gate. 　　3.4 be about to do即将（刚要）做某事： Autumn harvest is about to start. 　　4、一般过去将来时 　　He said that he would get married soon. I asked him when he would come here again. 　　5、现在进行时 　　5.1表示说话时，或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的状况。

They are making an experiment now. 　　5.2 安排即将发生，如go， come， leave， arrive： He is coming here next week and is staying here until August. 　　6、过去进行时 　　We were talking about you a moment ago. I was playing the piano when she came in. 　　7、将来进行时 　　What will you be doing this time tomorrow？ I believe he’ll be coming soon. 　　8、现在完成时 　　8.1过去发生但对现在有影响的动作，常跟时间状语already， yet， never， before， recently， just， ever， once连用 　　I have been to Peking many times. They have already published the results of their experiments. 　　8.2从过去某时间起先始终持续到现在（可能还要接着下去）的动作，常跟时间状语since， for two years， 　　so far， in recent years等（运用持续性动词） 　　He has lived here since 11014. I have studied English for two years. 　　1）他参军已经有十年了。

①He has been an armyman for ten years. 　　②It is （has be。