00795自学考试综合英语二语法知识点汇总.docx

00795自学考试综合英语二语法知识点汇总.系动词系动词，亦称连系动词（LinkVerb）作为系动词，它自己有词义，但不可以单独用作谓语，后边一定跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），组成系表构造说明主语的状况、性质、特点等状况英语除动词be以外，还有一些动词也能够做系动词，如表示状态或状况的：keep,look,feel,appear,lie,remain,seem,stay,smell,sound,taste等；以及表示变化的：get,grow,turn,fall,run,become,go,等1.tobe能够加在seem,prove,remain,appear等系动词和后来的名词或形容词之间，但也能够省略E.g.Thetaskproved(tobe)impossible.E.g.Theyseem(tobe)suchfriendlypeople,buttheyneverrepliedtoourinvitation.注意：在seem,appear等词后，可加其余非tobe不定式，但这时他们不是系动词，而是不及物动词Courtesy,politeness,goodmanner?Callitwhatyouwill,thesupplyneverseemstoequalthedemand.非人称代词it做句子的形式主语代表不定式E.g.Itisabsurdtobeafraidundersuchcircumstances.代表动名词E.g.ItisterribletryingtokeepupwiththeJones.代表that指引的从句E.g.Itisplaintoeveryonethatshewasoffended.代表wh-指引的从句E.g.Aslongashefinisheshiswork,itdoesn’tmatterwhenhecomestotheoffice.做句子的形式宾语代表不定式E.g.Theyfounditdifficulttogetalongwithhim.代表从句E.g.Ithinkitbestthatyou(should)staywithme.E.g.Hesoonmadeitclearwhyhehadaskedaconference.用来改变句子构造，使句子某一成分获得重申....重申主语E.g.Itwasshewhoputforwardthesuggestion.重申宾语E.g.itisthatpaintingthathehassoldatagoodprofit.重申状语E.g.itwasthroughmethathehasgotthepresentjob.重申用so表示重申用so重申听者赞同说者所言，这类用法只将so提到句首，其余成分地点不变。

E.g.–youhavespilledcoffeeonyourdress.-SoIhave.神态动词+达成式could+have+过去分词有时表示过去的时间，说明某事可能已发生，有时也表示与事实相反，表示原来有能力做某事，但却未做E.g.Whathappenedintheairportcouldhavebeentrue.might/may+have+过去分词表示对已经发生的状况进行揣摩，但语气相当不必定，表示近乎未实现的行为.E.g.Youmighthavedonetheworkbetter.must+have+过去分词是对发生在过去的一种行为的推断，表示过去必然发生过的事情，语气相当必定，表示“必定，必定”E.g.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.should/oughtto+have+过去分词表示该做而未做到的事，表示“本应”E.g.Theyshouldhavemadeagoodjobofit.shouldnot/oughtn’tto+have+过去分词表示做了不该做的事，表示“本不该当”E.g.Youshouldnothavedonesuchthings.can’t（couldn’t）+have+过去分词表示对过去的动作进行否认性推断。

意为“必定没有，必定不是”E.g.Thepoemcan’thavebeenwrittenbythelittlegirl;sheisonlyfour.would+have+过去分词....常常用于虚假条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的猜想E.g.Ifshehadknownaboutit,shewouldhavetalkedaboutit.needn’t+have+过去分词表示不用做的事情却做了，可译为“本来不用”“其实不用”E.g.Youneedn’thavedoneallthesecalculations.Wehaveacomputertodealwiththatsortofthing.主谓一致知识点一manya,morethanone+单数名词，谓语仍旧用单数E.g.Manyasoldierhassacrificedhislifefortherevolution.知识点二eitherof+复数名词，谓语动词用单数．E.g.Haseitherofyourparentsvisitedyou?知识点三and;bothand连结两个单数形式的名词词组，谓语动词用复数．当主语在乎义上指同一人，同一物或同一观点时，谓语用单数．E.g.Aboyandagirlwanttogo.知识点四eachandeach;everyandevery等构造后，谓语用单数．E.g.Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp.知识点五主语后边有aswellas;togetherwith;alongwith;ratherthan等词组，谓语的单复数有主语来决定．E.g.I,togetherwithmymother,wasreadingattenyesterday.oneof＋复数名词＋关系分句构造如先行词为复数名词，谓语则为复数．目前面有theonly/very等限制词修饰，谓语用单数．E.g.Joanisoneofthosepeoplewhogooutoftheirwaytobehelpful.凑近原则：由notonly...butalso,either...or,neither...nor或or连结的并列主语。

往常依据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式由最凑近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定E.g.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.由“anumberof,atotalof+复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式；....由“thenumberof,thetotalof+复数名”，用数形式E.g.Anumberofstudentsarewaitingforthebus.倒装句有neither,nor,nomore的句子倒装代neither,nor,nomore用于后边分句句首，且前面分句必能否认句，后边分句不用倒装构，并且（包含助）必和前句一致so被用作句首的分句前面必是必定句E.g.Sheneverlaughed,nordidsheeverlosehertemper.知点二虚假中的条件从句省去if，were,had和should要移至主以前E.g.HadIknownit,Ishouldhavetoldhim.句首否认和有否认意的或短作状或，常用部分倒装常用于一构的有：little,nowhere,rarely,scarcely,seldom,few,hardly,never,undernocircumstances,onnoaccount,innoway,atnopoint,atnotime,innosense,atno/othertime,bynomeans,barely/hardly/scarcely⋯when,notuntilmuch/even/stillless,nolonger,notasingleword,notoften,等。

only的句子的倒装only位于句子开，假如修介短或状从句，那么句子倒装E.g.Onlybyshoutingatthetopofhisvoicewasheablemakehimselfheard.Only引的从句位于句首,主倒装.E.g.Onlywhenshecamehomedidhelearnthenews.so/such⋯that构中的so放在句首，需要倒装E.g.Soabsurddidhelookthateveryonestaredathim..E.g.Suchagoodstudentwasshethatalltheteacherslikedher.在as引的步状从句中形容、名或副常移至从句之首，起作用E.g.Tiredashewas,wedecidednottodisturbhim.E.g.Childasthelittlegirlis,sheknowsseveralforeignlanguages.....句首manyatime,tosuchanextent,tosuchadegree,tosuchapoint等状，句子需要部分倒装E.g.Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tgotosleepthatnight.在某些表示祝福的句子中使用倒装。

E.g.Mayyoulivealongandhappylife!介放在句首．E.g.Infrontofthehousestandsatree.重申句型句：Itis/was+被部分＋who/whom/that被的主是人称代，既可用主格，也可用格．知点四句it和先行it的区假。