06第四讲 五四时期 胡适 鲁迅.doc

Lecture 4 Translation of literature and social sciences around May Fourth Period The May 4th Movement opened a new chapter in history of translation in China. The translation atmosphere was dynamic and active with a focus on the translation of Karl Marx's and Lenin's works on socialist and communist theories, and the translation and re-translation of western literature. Distinctive characteristics:Translation of western literature after the initiation of Lin Shu formed another peak of translation after the May Fourth Movement, with鲁迅、瞿秋白、郭沫若、沈雁冰（茅盾）、郑振铎、郁达夫,etc. as leading figures . Around the May 4th Movement, the translation of Russian literature boomed and was carried out in a magnificent scale, compared to the translation of literature of other nationalities. Translation of Marxist classical works was another focus during the period of the May Fourth Movement, when The Communist Manifesto was translated and published.Vernacular Chinese began to take place of classical Chinese in all types of translation. 白话文也开始代替文言文。

4.1 Translation of Marx's and Lenin's works马列著作的翻译 The first full Chinese version of The Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels, 1848) was produced by Chen Wangdo (陈望道 1890-1977） from Japanese and published in August, 1920. After the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in July 1921, a large number of socialist and communist theories were translated for the needs of Chinese revolution. The first full translation of Das Kapital (Capital, 1859), Marx’s monumental work and the fundamental text of Marxist economics, was produced by Guo Dali (郭大力,1905-1976l) from 1937-1940. The translation fulfilled his aspiration since his university days when he resolved to study, disseminate, and translate Marxism. To be a worthy translator of Marx, he studied and translated the classical works on capitalist politics and economy such as The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, etc.. Only when he had fully prepared himself both in terms of theory of philosophy, politics, and economy and in terms of translation practice, did he begin the translation of Das Kapital . According to him, in order to do good translation in a field, a translator must first become an expert in that field. 4.2 Literary translation 文学翻译 Literary translation after the May 4th Movement and before 1949, made a significant contribution to the introduction of foreign literature to China and the development of Chinese literature. Translators in this period of time, by comparison with those during the late Qing dynasty, were more selective regarding source texts. The quality and quantity of literary translation greatly improved. Most of the world famous literary works of the time, from both large and small nations, were translated into Chinese. The translators, most of whom had learned the source languages and literary theory before carrying out the translations, were aware of the significance of transferring literary styles on the basis of linguistic accuracy. Professionalization of literary translation in this period also helped improve translation quality. Another improvement in literary translation was the linguistic change. Before the May 4th Movement, the language used in literary creation and translation was classical Chinese. After that, a more simplified and easily-understood vernacular Chinese (Baihua) came to be used for literary creation and translation. The use of vernacular Chinese in translation enlarged the readerships. Since then, vernacular Chinese has been used instead of Classical Chinese in all types of translation. Hu Shi (胡适 1891-1962）He was a celebrated scholar, translator, and writer in modern-time China. In 1917, Hu Shi delivered “On Literary Reform” in New Youth, proposed eight principles for literary revolution. 1917年，在《新青年》上发表《文学改良刍议》，认为文学改革必须从八件事入手：“一曰须言之有物……二曰不摹仿古人……三曰须讲文法……四曰不做无病之呻吟……五曰务去烂调套语……六曰不用典。

七曰不讲对仗八曰不避俗语俗字”（ 郑彭年，2005：494） This was the first formal manifesto in favor of vernacular Chinese and against classical Chinese, and the maiden work of the literary revolution. 这是反对文言文、提倡白话文的首篇正式宣言，为文学革命的发轫之作 Hu Shi also experimented with the composition of vernacular or baihua poetry and the translation of western poems into vernacular Chinese. In 1922, he published the first collection of baihua poems in the history of Chinese literature——The Experimental Collections. 1922 年出版中国新文学史上第一部白话诗集《尝试集》Hu Shi’s The Experimental Collections included both his poems and his translation of western poems into vernacular Chinese.关不住了.ppt Therefore, he did pioneering work in and made great contributions to the founding and construction of Chinese new poetry and new poetic theories. Besides the rendition of many western short stories, Hu Shi also translated Daudet, Maupassant, Ibsen and some other world-wide famous writers selectively in the hope of remolding Chinese novels and providing models for Chi。