高中语法大全03.pdf

高中语法大全1.动词不定式是由“to+do” 构成，为非谓语动词，在句子不能单独作谓语， Would you like me to come to dinner tonight? 2.动词不定式有名词、动词、形容词和副词的特征在句子可作主语、表语、定、宾语、补语和状语 同时，不定式还有动词的特征， 它又可以带有自己的宾语和状语，可以带有自己的主语而构成不定式短语To say is one thing, and to do it is quite another. He decided to visit the family on Friday night. For him to draw such a picture isn,t easy. For him 为不定式 to draw 的逻辑主语但不是句子的真正主语3、不定式作主语 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. To talk to him is to talk to a wall.（和他谈话是对牛弹琴） 当作主语的不定式短语较长时，常用it作形式主语而将真正的主语（不定式定语）放在谓语之后。

It is hard/easy/important/necessary/difficult/impossible/possible/necessary/ for sb to do sth. It is kind/careful/impolite/polite/right/wrong/wise/cruel/nice/clever/foolish/silly/wise/rude/selfish/thoughtful(深思的 )/thoughtless（欠考虑的）/brave/considerate(考虑周到的 )/silly/rude of sb to do sth. 4、不定式作表语(1) 、一般紧跟在系动词如be, seem, remain,appear,get等后面，用来说明主语的内容 My wish is to be a teacher. What I want to do seems to tell you something. （2） 、one s dream, business, wish, idea, plan, job, work, task, duty以及 what one wants to dobe不定式（作表语）：表示主语的具体内容。

主语（人） be不定式（作表语）：表将来时 He is to clean the room. His plan is to clean the room. 5、不定式作宾语A作动宾 ( 只接 to do) ：Agree/aim （目的在于） /appear/ask （要求） care （愿意）/arrange/ask/attempt/beg/begin/choose/claim(声称)/continue/dare/decline(谢绝)/deserve （值得） /decide/demand （要求） /desire （渴望） /desire/expect（预料，盼望，认为）/desire(希望)/determine/fail（未能）/happen（碰巧）/hope/manage( 设法)/except(期望)/fear(害怕)/forget/intend(打算)/learn(学会)/mean（想要）(意欲)/need/offer(试图) /long/plan/prepare/pretend/promise/prove/refuse/seem/want/ wish/afford/seek(试图) Would you care to visit us this weekend? B.advise/decide/discuss/findout/learn/know/show/teach/learn/forget/remember/teach/tell/consider/understand/wonder/explain(+sb)+wh-+to do. C.sb.consider/believe/feel/make/find/know/regard it +adj+to do sth. D.为了避免重复，作宾语的不定式第二次出现时往往省略，而只保留不定式符号to.want/wish/hope/like/hate/plan/try/love/hate/intend/mean/be going to/would like(love) to.以及 have to/ought to/need/be able to Shanghai isn ? t the city as it used to . I planned to come but I was?t able to. E.不定式作介宾。

可作 but,except,besides等介词的宾语若 but, except, besides前面是其他动词时，介词后接带to 的不定式；若前面有实义动词 do 及其各种形式时，介词后面的不定式可以省略 What do you like to do besides play balls? I had nothing to do except watch TV. F介词 instead of前后两个成分必须对等，若前面一个成分为一个不定式，后面的不定式就可以省略 to. I want to watch TV instead of do my homework. G. 不定式可以作某些形容词(包括已变成形容词的分词) 的宾语如： ready( 准备好 ), eager （急于） ,anxious（急于） ,able（能够） ,sure（一定） ,glad,sorry,afraid,free（随意） , pleased,determined（决心） ,willing（愿意） .afraid，careful, likely(可能的), lucky, prepared（愿意的） , foolish He gave me free access to his library. 他让我随意进他的藏书室。

Be careful not to fall. The train is likely to be late. Im prepared to be friendly. 我愿意和善待人6、不定式作定语的用法：不定式作定语时它的位置是在它所修饰的词的后面，和其被修饰的名词（代词）在逻辑上有主谓关系和动宾关系 1 ） 、主谓关系He is always the first one to get up. Please give me some newspapers to read. 2） 、动宾关系A、不定式动词必须为及物动词；B、若为不及物动词，则该动词后必须和介词连用，以使其成为及物的短语 There are 10 more trees to plant. Please lend me something to write with. Please give me a piece to paper to write on. 但当不定式修饰的词是place,time,way时，不定式后边的介词可以省略He has no place to live (in). There ia no way to talk. 不应该这样谈话。

There is no time to think (about) . C不定式修饰 something,anything,nothing时： something/anything/nothing（形容词）不定式 Do you have anything to read? Do you have anything interesting to read? 3) 、不定式作定语时，有时用主动语态表示被动含义 A. There is something to do 句型 There is a letter to write. 如果句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式就要用被动语态来表示 I?m going to the post office, for I have a letter to post. a. liming , I ? m going to the post office . I know you have an important letter to post. b. Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now. B. 当不定式修饰 want.have 等动词的宾语， 而句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时用主动语态表示被动含义。

We have no homework to do. I want a book to read. C. 当不定式修饰buy,get,give等动词的直接宾语，而间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主语时，用主动语态表示被动含义Please buy me some books to read. I ? ll give me some novels to read on the journey. 7、不定式作状语的用法：表示目的、原因，有时也表示结果另外，当副词用的不定式也可以修饰形容词 1 ） 、表原因修饰表示感情的形容词和过去分词：angry, anxious, clever, content (满意的 ),delighted （高兴的） , disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate（幸运的） , frightened, glad, happy, lucky, pleased, proud, ready, rude,right,wrong,sorry, surprised, willing, wrothy, unfortunate,willing, worthy(乐意的 ). 以及感情以 外 的 形 容 词 ， 且 这 类 句 子 的 主 语 可 以 是 人 ， 也 可 以 是 物 。

如 ：comfortable,difficult,easy,good,hard,pleasant等 Be careful not to catch a cold. Jim seemed willing to do that. The house is very comfortable to live in. We found him was easy to get along with. The old couple seem content to sit in front of the television all night. 老夫妇俩似乎整夜坐在电视机前就心满意足了2) 、表目的当要强调不定式所表示的目的时，不定式可变为：in order (not) to do sth.或so as (not) to do sth.形式 in order (not) to do sth.可位于句首或句中，而 so as (not) to do sth.只能位于句中Tom kept quiet about the accident_lose his job. a. so not as to b. so as not to c. so as to not d.not so as to 有些用作句子独立成分的习惯语，如：to be frankly,to be exact （确切地说） , to begin with（首先） ,to conclude（最后） ,to be sure（当然） ,to tell you the truth（老实对你说） ,to be fair（公平地说）， 3 ） 、动词不定式作结果或程度状语。