英语比较结构考点归纳.doc

英语比较结构考点归纳一：原级比较一般用 as … as ; not as … as ; the same … as ; 特殊结构 A is to B what / as X is Y ; A+倍数或几分之几 as + adj. / adv. + as +B. 难点结构：as+adj.+n.+as分句 和 as much/many + 名词+ as 分句 The work is not as difficult as you think.Air is to us as/what water is to fish. 我们与空气的关系就像鱼和水的关系This book is twice as thick as that one.George is as efficient worker as Jack. = George is a worker(who is) as efficient as Jack.I don’t want as expensive a car as this = I don’t want a car as expensive as thisI can’t drink as sweet coffee as this=I can’t drink coffee as sweet as this.He took as much butter as he needed. She has written as many essays as her brother( has).二：比较级常用结构 A ＋比较级 ＋ than + B 特殊结构：the more … the more (越……越……)； more and more （越来越）This question is less difficult than that question. (比较对象为彼此独立的人或事物)Iron is more useful than any other metal. (比较对象具有所属关系, 含有最高级含义)The city is becoming more and more beautiful. 三：以拉丁文-ior结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to 而不是than. 这些词是：superior, inferior , senior , junior , major , minorHe is three years senior to me. This type of computer is superior to that type.四：最高级用于三者以上的事物之间的比较，所以比较的范围自然是少不了。

一般表示地方用介词in; 表示所属关系和人物比较用介词 of. ( 即the +最高级＋in /of …) The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, but it is the third longest river in the world.The youngest member of the family is most successful.Of all forms of energy, electricity is most widely used.五：在 more … than 结构中， than 有时可看作关系代词，相当于than what…There are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of. ( than=than what…)天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多The medicine is more effective than is expected.六：英语中有一小部分表示绝对意义的形容词没有比较级和最高级如：dead, deaf, empty, total, whole, perfect, complete, right, wrong, equal, daily false, final　absolute, alone, round, pregnant, square, supreme, unique, straight, eternal, unanimous 七：几组由 “more than ；more … than” 和“no / not ＋ 比较级” 等构成的惯用句式及其义。

more than 其含义为: “不仅是， 非常， 十分”等， 用法和意义较多 more …than 其含义可以是: “与其说……不如说， 不是……而是”What we are doing today is more than donating some money.今天我们所做的不只是捐一些钱Their action was more than justified. 他们的行动是完全有理由的He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典no more than 强调少，意为“只有，不过，仅仅”not more than 客观叙述，意为“不超过” He has no more than five dollars on him.他身上仅有5美元强调少）He has not more than five dollars on him.他身上带的钱不超过仅有5美元强调数额少于5美元）no more … than含有消极否定的意思，可译为“A与B都不…，不… 也不”not more … than 含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异。

He is no more diligent than you. 他不勤奋，你也不勤奋两人都不勤奋）He is not more diligent than you.他没有像你那样勤奋两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋）no less than = as much as 意为：“竟有…之多，多达”强调多not less than 意为“不少于，至少”，可观地描述no less … than 前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的感情色彩可译为：“是…是， 正是， 和 … 一样, 多达，应有…之多”His son has read no less than 50 English books. 他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书强调多）His son has read not less than 50 English books. 他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书不强调多或少）The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister. 这位中年人正是新来的部长Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be. 她的歌声和以前一样甜美。

补充：not so much… as It wasn’t so much his appearance I liked as his personality.It wasn’t so much that I disliked her as that I just wasn’t interested. 1. rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一例如： She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们 2. rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等He is an explorer rather than a sailor. She enjoys singing rather than dancing 3.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做...而不做...” I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。

4.prefer＋ that从句“宁愿”（从句一般用虚拟语气）I prefer that you should do it.我宁愿你做这件事 5.Prefer sth. to sth.“宁愿做...而不做...”. I prefer tea to milk.我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶I prefer watching TV to going out. 我宁愿看电视也不出去 6.prefer to do “愿意做”I prefer to go at once.我愿意马上就走 prefer sb. to do “愿意某人做” I prefer you to go at once.我倒希望你马上就走7.prefer＋名词或动名词“宁愿”，“更喜欢”He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人，因此更喜欢吃米饭I prefer going by bike.我宁愿骑单车去I prefer the white one.我喜欢那个白的。