生态型服务与可持续发展综述中英文对照.doc

生态型服务与可持续发展综述中英文对照Ecological service and sustainable development in Chinese and English language compared 摘 要：近年来人们发现服务业对环境也存在很多不利的影响，所以，一个新的概念由此提出，即生态型服务主要介绍生态型服务的概念和内涵，在分析传统服务对环境负作用的基础上，系统研究生态型服务对可持续发展的贡献，以及其中所包含的反弹效应Pick to: in recent years, it was found that service industry also exists many adverse effects to the environment, therefore, a new concept which is put forward, namely ecological services. Mainly introduces the concept and connotation of ecological services, on the basis of analyzing the traditional service negative effect to the environment, ecological service system research contribution to the sustainable development, as well as the rebound effect contained in it. 　　关键词：生态型服务 产品服务系统 反弹效应。

Key words: ecological service product service system rebound effect. 　　1 生态型服务的内涵1, the connotation of ecological services. 　　20 世纪 90 年代，西方学者提出经济生态效率服务理论，强调资源使用效率，满足人类需求和生活质量的同时，减少生态环境的影响Hockert （1999）、Schrader （1999）、Meijkamp（2002）将生态型服务分成三类，（1）产品服务，即通过对已出售的产品提供附加的服务，以达到延长产品使用的寿命的目的，包括保养、升级和回收等2）使用服务，即企业不再通过出售产品实体，而只出售产品使用权而形成的服务，如共享、联用和租赁等3）结果服务，即企业不向消费者出售产品，消费者既不购买、拥有，也不使用产品，而是通过企业提供服务，确保消费者达到满足需要的结果我国学者李伍荣（2007）认为生态型服务有以下几个特点：（1）基于物质产品而产生生态型服务是与产品相关联的， 或补充或替代产品， 而且是动态意义上的2）利用产品功能而产生生态型服务中所涉及的销售不同于传统的销售，它是产品功能的销售。

3）有利于生态环境而产生发展生态型服务的目的就是为了减轻服务业对环境发展的压力，减少人类生活对生态环境的影响4）为满足消费者需要而产生生态型服务能为消费者带来高增加值，如较低的成本相对于一次性购买产品和服务，生态型服务的成本整体较低In the 1990 s, western scholars put forward economic ecological efficiency theory, emphasizes the resources use efficiency, satisfy human needs and the quality of life at the same time, reduce the influence of ecological environment. Hockert (1999) and Schrader (1999), Meijkamp ecological services (2002) be classified into three categories, (1) products and services, namely, through to the sold products provide additional services, in order to achieve the purpose of prolonging the life of the product use, maintenance, upgrade, and recycling, etc. (2) use the service, the enterprise no longer sell products entity, and sell products only use and form of service, such as sharing, combination and leasing, etc. (3) the results service, that is, companies do not sell products to consumers, consumers do not buy, have, also don't use the product, but by the enterprise to provide services, ensure to meet the needs of consumers. Chinese scholars Li Wurong (2007) argue that ecological service has the following characteristics: (1) based on the material products. Ecological service is associated with a product, or supplement or substitute products, and is a dynamic sense of the word. (2) the use of product function. Ecological service involved in the sales of different from the traditional sales, it is the product of sales functions. (3) is beneficial to the ecological environment. Development of ecological service aim is to ease pressure on environment and development in service industry, reduce the impact on the ecological environment of human life. (4) to meet consumer needs. Ecological service can bring high added value for consumers, such as lower cost. Relative to a one-time purchase products and services, ecological service of the overall cost is low. 　　2 生态型服务对可持续发展的贡献。

2 ecological service contribution to sustainable development. 　　可持续发展是一种注重长远发展的经济增长模式，是指既满足代人的需求，又不损害后代人满足其需求的能力生态型服务能够在满足人们增加的需求的同时，对资源和环境的消耗却相应减少，因此生态型服务符合可持续发展的要求Sustainable development is a focus on long-term development of the economic growth pattern, refers to satisfy the demand of generation, and does not harm the ability of future generations to meet their demand. Ecological services to meet the needs of people increase at the same time, for the consumption of resources and the environment is reduced, so the ecological service in line with the requirements of sustainable development. 　　2.1 生态型服务的资源环境可持续性。

2.1 the sustainability of resources and environment ecological services. 　　2.1.1 传统服务业对环境的压力2.1.1 traditional service industry to the environment pressure. 　　服务的“无形性”或“去物质化”对生态的冲击度低，但并不是不存在的服务业每一单位的增长都要消耗一定量的自然资源和环境资源，如果消耗不当，就会给人来带来灾难性的后果James Salzman（2000）指出在美国虽然服务业发展显著增长，但制造业却没有下降，物质材料的减少使用因为经济活动水平的提高而抵消，他根据服务的属性和类别，把服务对生态的不同影响分为每单位服务的直接影响和累积影响，并把具有“二高”影响的服务称为“烟囱服务”，比如电力服务、医疗服务和运输服务Terry Davies（2000）美国食品服务和食品零售店对环境的影响状况，指出食品业发展给环境带来的直接影响是固体垃圾排放，空气污染和水污染以及能量消耗我国学者吕晓纲（1999）、马立春（2003）、曲如晓（2005）也从近年来的中国饮食娱乐业、旅游和房产、信息产业、交通运输业等方面分析了服务业的发展并不能减少生态环境压力，反而造成了生态环境的破坏，对人类的生活也造成了极大地不利影响。

Service of the "invisibility" or "materialization" of ecological impact degree is low, but there isn't. The growth in services per unit must consume a certain amount of natural resources and environmental resources, if use undeserved, can give a person to have disastrous consequences. James Salzman (2000) pointed out that although services development significant growth in the United States, but not manufacturing declined, less material used offset by raising the level of economic activity, he according to the properties and servic。