
四级写作专项训练.ppt
77页大学英语四级应试技巧写作部分大学英语四级写作基本要求大学英语四级写作基本要求体裁、题型分析及范文赏析体裁、题型分析及范文赏析大学英语四级写作基本要求 大学英语四级考试对考生写作能力的基本要求是:能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120 ~150 个词的短文 ,内容切题,表达思想清楚、文字通顺,连贯性较好基本无语言错误,仅有个别小错体裁及题型分析体裁从体裁上讲,写作部分考查的形式主要有:•议论文•说明文•应用文议论文议论文题型分析及范文赏析议论文的类型•正反观点对比型•原因现象解释型•问题解决型•主题(标题/谚语)型正反观点对比型议论文•题型: 针对某个问题,有两种不同观点,要求考生对这两种不同的观点进行分析,说明理由,并表达自己的观点•形式: 一、目前存在某个问题,人们有不同的观 点;二、两种观点各自的理由;三、我的看法正反观点对比型议论文•写作模板 When it comes to ____ ,different people hold different views . Some contend that____. For one thing,____ .For another,___ . In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ____,They point out that____ .Another instance often cited is that____ . It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue. As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments .It’s advisable to ______.正反观点对比型议论文•范文赏析1(99.6) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书3.我的看法正反观点对比型议论文 Reading Selectively Or Extensively? When it comes to the choice between reading selectively or extensively, different people have different opinions. Some argue that we should be careful in choosing reading materials, while others maintain that we can benefit more from reading as many kinds of books as possible. 正反观点对比型议论文 The first group have their arguments as follows. On the one hand, our time is limited, therefore, we have to put our efforts in the most important books. On the other hand, we need specialized knowledge in order to find a good job. However, other people believe we should read extensively. For one thing, extensive reading can broaden our horizon. For another, we need a broad education to better understand the world around us.正反观点对比型议论文 As far as I am concerned, I prefer to read extensively because I have a wide range of interests, such as in literature, in computer science and so on. As a result, extensive reading may satisfy my need and make me happy. (160 words)正反观点对比型议论•范文赏析2(06.12) The Spring Festival Gala1.许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节联欢晚会2.有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会3.在我看来…… 正反观点对比型议论 The Spring Festival Gala There is always a heated discussion over the issue of the Spring Festival Gala organized by CCTV before and after the Chinese Lunar New Year. Some people are in favor of the program, while others maintain that the program is a waste of money and time. 正反观点对比型议论 In the eyes of the first group of people, the Spring Festival Gala should be encouraged for the following reasons. First, the gala has become a tradition for most people to spend the holiday, and they feel that they can find nothing else to do. Besides, the program can offer some talking materials for their family, friends and relatives.正反观点对比型议论 However, those who argue against the gala and propose to cancel it also have their reasons. To begin with, the gala costs a lot, but the quality is not as good as expected. What’s more, people may do something else if the gals is cancelled. For example, the family may play games, or chat with each other to the relation between each much closer.正反观点对比型议论 As is discussed above, it is obvious that there is some truth in both arguments. In my opinion, the program does more harm than good if watching it is the only thing to do on the eve of the lunar new year. It is likely to make this most important festival boring and meaningless.正反观点对比型议论Follow-up Exercises:1995年年1月真月真题题 Can Money Buy Happiness1.有人认为金钱是幸福之本(source of happiness);2.也有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of all evil);3.我的看法。
正反观点对比型议论1998年年6月真题月真题 Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck1. 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运;2. 有人认为数字和运气无关;3. 我的看法原因现象分析型的议论文•题型: 要求考生对某现状进行简单的介绍,分析产生这一现象的原因或可能造成的危害或进行利弊分析,并提出你对这一现象的看法,或指出此现象中可能存在的问题,或对此现象可能产生的问题提出解决办法原因现象分析型的议论文•形式:一、目前存在某个现象,对此现象进行描述或说明;二、分析产生这一现象的原因或进行利弊分析;三、你对此现象的看法,或此现象中可能存在的问题,或如何解决或应对此现象原因现象分析型的议论文•写作模板1: ____is becoming more and more popular/An increasing number of people are_______. A number of reasons are responsible for this/Several reasons contribute to this . In the first place , ___ In the second place , ____In addition, ________. As far as I am concerned, ______.For one thing, _____For another,_____.原因现象分析型的议论文•范文赏析1 Western Fast Food1.洋快餐颇受中国消费者的青睐2.产生这种现象的原因3.我的看法原因现象分析型的议论文 Western Fast Food Fast food is becoming more and more popular in China, especially among children and teenagers. Today, nothing is more representative of the fast pace of modern society than fast food. There are several reasons for its popularity. For one thing, it is fast and convenient. Go into a fast food restaurant, and your food will be ready in a原因现象分析型的议论文minute. Precious time won’t be wasted in waiting- in-line to order or waiting at your table for your food to arrive. For another, its popularity is also attributed to the clean food, the excellent service and the comfortable environment of the fast food restaurants, and American style.原因现象分析型的议论文 However, I think that fast food isn’t healthy enough because it doesn’t compose a balanced diet and is low in nutrition. Fast food is only a good choice when you are in a hurry and we should turn to it only once in a while原因现象分析型的议论文写作模板2:A recent investigation shows__/In recent years, there are more and more people who_/Nowadays, ___has been very popular. Such a phenomenon indicates that _____. Generally speaking, such a phenomenon has both its advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, ___.On the other hand____. As for me, I think its…outweighs its___For one thing, ____For another,____. 原因现象分析型的议论文•范文赏析2Private Tutoring 1.为孩子聘请家教目前非常普遍 2.家教的利与弊 3.我的看法原因现象分析型的议论文Private Tutoring A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors. Such a popular practice indicates that people are attaching greater importance to education. Many parents, for various reasons,missed the chance of obtaining a good education. When their children meet with difficulties in study, they are helpless. So private tutoring is the only solution.原因现象分析型的议论文 However, private tutoring has its own disadvantages as well as advantages. On the one hand, as private tutoring is usually one-to-one, the teacher knows the strong points as we11 as the weak points of the pupil, clearly. Therefore, in a sense, private tutoring can be of some help to the children who are behind in their studies. 原因现象分析型的议论文 On the other hand, private tutoring has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it takes up so much of the pupils’ time that they can hardly find enough time for rest and entertainment, which are essential for their physical and mental health. For another, some teachers, busy “shuttling” from one family to another, tend to neglect their regular teaching duties. What’s more, some teachers are eager to help pupils do well in the test, offering the原因现象分析型的议论文so-ca11ed tips for test-taking rather than help them acquire what is more meaningful. Generally speaking, its disadvantages outweigh its advantages. Greater emphasis should be laid on classroom teaching and practice, on the improvement of teaching quality and on the tapping of the pupils’ potentials. Only in this way can we generation be healthily brought up.原因现象分析型的议论文写作模板3: No one can deny that __has been a greatly serious problem. /In recent years, _____has been increasingly concerned by ___as well as _____As a result of it ,_______ There are many reasons explaining ______.The main reason is_____ ,What is more, _____,Thirdly, _____.As a result, _____. It’ important that immediate actions be taken. First of all, ___.Besides, _.In addition, __. In conclusion, ____. 原因现象分析型的议论文•范文赏析3Global Warming 1. 全球变暖对地球环境造成了很大影响2. 引起全球变暖的原因3. 我们需要采取的措施原因现象分析型的议论文Global Warming No one can deny that the world we are living in is becoming increasingly intolerable because of the effects of global warming. According to many experts, even greater impacts are still on the way. There are numerous causes for this problem. On one hand, human-related emissions of原因现象分析型的议论文 carbon into the atmosphere is causing, and will in the future cause, significant global warming according to the theory. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge about the importance of protecting environment hinders the solving of the problem. It is urgent that immediate and effective actions should be taken right away. First, more原因现象分析型的议论文 trees need to be planted to help improve and beautify the environment. Besides, stricter laws concerning global warming and irresponsible use of fuel resources have to be put into effect and achieved good results. In a word, there is a long way to go before we can take a comfortable world for granted again .问题解决型的议论文•题型: 问题解决型的议论文要求考生首先提出一个问题,然后分析导致该问题的原因或因素,或该问题可能产生的后果,最后说明如何解决该问题。
•形式:一、提出一个社会问题,指出其普遍性或影响;二、分析造成该问题产生的原因或因素或该问题可能产生的后果三、应该如何解决该问题问题解决型的议论文•模板1: Recently, 指出问题 has become a matter of public concern, especially for ___On the one hand, 表现一. On the other hand,表现二. There are many reasons accounting for 该问题. Firstly, _____. Secondly, _____. Thirdly, _____. Therefore, how to _____ is worth paying attention. Fortunately, we have figured out several effective measures to ___. First, __. Second,___. Last,____. In conclusion, it’s high time that_____. 问题解决型的议论文范文赏析1:How to Deal with Sub-health1.现代社会很多人都处于“亚健康”状态2.造成“亚健康”的原因3.应该如何解决“亚健康”问题问题解决型的议论文How to Deal with Sub-health Nowadays, quite a few people are suffering from sub-health. Indeed, sub-health can result in both physical and mental diseases. Even worse, people who suffer from sub-health are more easily to die prematurely. There are many factors resulting in sub-health. Among these, the pace of modern life plays a vital role. The fast pace of modern life问题解决型的议论文 exerts great pressure on people and pressure is the ultimate cause of sub-health. What’s more, modern people spend too much night time working or entertaining, which seriously affects their health. Considering the great harm brought by sub-health, I think it is high time that we took effective measures to prevent sub-health. Firstly, people must have enough sleep to ensure that问题解决型的议论文 that they can regain energy and physical strength. Secondly, people should have a rational diet under the instruction of doctor in order to avoid the diseases caused by malnutrition or super-nutrition. Thirdly, people should regularly do some exercise to keep healthy. To conclude, it is necessary for us to take flexible measures to avoid the threat of sub-health.问题解决型的议论文模板2: Nowadays, there is a growing concern on the problem of _____. It is reported that _____. What’s worse, _____.Therefore, it will cause many serious results if ______. No doubt, ___have brought great bad effects. Firstly, ____.Secondly, ____Finally, _____. In spite of all these, there are still many ways of _____.First of all, _____.In addition, ____.Thirdly, ____.Only in this way, _____问题解决型的议论文•范文赏析2:How to Eliminate Fake Diplomas?1.目前假文凭现象屡见不鲜2.这种现象造成的危害3.我们应该怎么做问题解决型的议论文How to Eliminate Fake Diplomas? Nowadays the flooding of fake diplomas is becoming more and more of a problem in our society. It is reported that fake diplomas are very common in the job market. In addition, there are a variety of fake diplomas or certificates. It is very clearly seen that fake diplomas are bringing great damage in many aspects. Above问题解决型的议论文 all, employers may recruit employees who are not qualified for a certain post, causing a great loss to their companies. Furthermore, it’s unfair that one fails to get his job just because his rival has a fake diploma or certificate. Therefore, it is high time that we took effective measures to stop fake diplomas from spreading. First of all, companies and universities should have a close contact so that the fake diplomas问题解决型的议论文 cannot play tricks. Moreover, the one who fabricates the fake diplomas should be severely punished by laws and totally exposed through media. Besides, companies should keep detailed information of the diploma holders and the diplomas should be issued with fake-proof mark. Only through these ways can this problem be tackled.主题(标题/谚语)型议论文•题型:主题(标题/谚语)型议论文就是直接规定作文题目,不做其他规定的一种命题形式。
标题型议论文以论证说理为主,通常是以某一名言警句或谚语为题目,论证其观点的正确与否•形式:一、引出要论证的话题,表明观点;二、分析论证其正确性或合理性;三、得出结论或总结全文主题(标题/谚语)型议论文•模板: A famous saying goes that__________(名言或谚语). It means that_____________(释义). An example of this case is______(举例,解释). Another case in point is_________(例二). It can be seen clearly from the above examples that __________(名言或谚语) has its realistic significance in our life and study, which encourages me____________(理由) 主题(标题/谚语)型议论文•范文赏析:Practice Makes Perfect 1. 怎样理解“熟能生巧”? 2. 例如:在英语学习中...... 3. 又如...... 主题(标题/谚语)型议论文 Practice Makes Perfect As we all know, practice makes perfect. This is an accumulated experience we inherit from our forefathers, and now it is still widely applied to our daily life. It proves that the more we practice, the more likely we are going to do things perfectly. A good case in point is the study of English. Take my neighbor, Xiao Wang, as an example. He seldom spends time in learning English. As a result, his English is very poor and he begins to 主题(标题/谚语)型议论文hate English now. On the contrary, I’m very interested in learning English and I spend more than five hours each day on English. So the natural consequence is that I have a good mastery of the language and my interest in it has grown more intense. A lesson that we can draw from the above examples is obvious. Practice is crucial to our success not only in study, but also in our future work. All in all, practice will make a difference between success and failure.说明文说明文题型分析及范文赏析说明文文的类型 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式,用来说明事物的一种文体。
一般可分为:•阐明事理说明文•图表作文阐明事理说明文•题型:阐明事理说明文主要是对客观事物,社会现象或主观抽象概念加以说明四级考试中的说明文主要以阐述和说明社会现象、主观抽象概念为主•形式:依然是三段式一、提出主题,即要阐述说明的对象;二、围绕主题展开说明,说明其原因、好处、危害、表现形式等;三、归纳总结,提出自己的观点阐明事理说明文•范文赏析:Advertisement1. 广告的作用2. 广告的形式多样3. 广告的夸张性阐明事理说明文AdvertisementAdvertisements are forcing their way into people’s lives. People refer to advertisements in their daily lives because they are consumers. The advertisers are usually manufacturers, retailers and salesmen. Their merchandise needs to be advertised to bring it to the attention to the customers. Thus nearly every product is advertised in some way. To a large extent, good advertising leads to success while bad advertising can mean failure.阐明事理说明文 There are many ways to advertise and ‘ads’ come in different forms. Newspapers carry advertisements. Some products are publicized on TV and radio which bring them into notice of a wide audience. Billboards also carry advertising. Advertising is a big industry now and many agencies have been set up to furnish a variety of forms.阐明事理说明文 However, advertising is not always truthful. A product is often misrepresented. The advertiser exaggerates the benefits of the merchandise he wants to sell. Thus, he misrepresents the truth. The consumer falls victim to such advertising. Millions of people have bought advertised products and have been dissatisfied with them。
点评:这是一篇说明文,用说明的表达方式来解说事物,阐明事理写好说明文,不仅要抓住特征,注意条理,而且要巧妙运用说明方法,像下定义、举例子、作比较、分类别、列数字、打比方等• 图表题型说明文图表题型作文写作步骤:图表题型作文要求考生从一个表格或者图片出发,对其反映的信息进行说明、分析、比较、归纳等对这类题型,通常分为三个步骤来写:第一段、说明图表: 主题句+图表说明1+图表说明2+图表说明3第二段、说明引起变化的原因:主题句+原因1+原因2+原因3第三段、说明影响或者提出解决办法:主题句+建议+前景预测图表题型说明文•写作模板: 第一段:说明图表开篇句:As the bar chart shows, ____ during the years of ____ to ____.扩展句:1、As early as _____. 2、Then _____ years later, ____. 3、And arriving in the year ____, ____. 图表题型说明文第二段:解释图表变化原因 主题句:Several factors contribute to _____. 扩展句:1、______. (原因1) 2、And ______.(原因2) 3、Furthermore, ______ (原因3) 4、All these result in ____.图表题型说明文第三段:提出解决办法结尾句: However, ____ is faced with some problems.扩展句:1、With _____, ____, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging. 2、So my principle is to pay due attention to ___, but not just to ____.图表题型说明文•范文赏析:People Below Poverty Line. 1、下图所示为1978年,1985年1997年中国贫困线 以下人口的变化情况,请先描述其变化。
2、请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从改革开放、 高科技在生产中的应用等)3、你认为解决目前中国贫困人口还有什么困难或者问题图表题型说明文图表题型说明文模板填充阶段:第一段:说明图表开篇句:As the bar chart shows, the number of people below the poverty line decreased dramatically during the years of 1978 to 1997.扩展句:1、As early as 1978, about 250 million people were under the poverty line. 2、Then seven years later, the number became three fifths that of 1978.3、And arriving in the year 1997, the number was reduced to 50 millions. 图表题型说明文第二段:解释图表变化原因主题句:Several factors contribute to the sharp decrease of the below-poverty population.扩展句:1. The reform and opening following 1978 enabled the peasants to become much better off. (原因1) 2. And with the development of Chinese economy, that policy also improved city dwellers' lives greatly.(原因2) 图表题型说明文第二段:解释图表变化原因扩展句:3. Furthermore, the high-tech introduced made it possible for the country's economy as a whole to take off. (原因3)4. All these result in the great fall of the Chinese population below the poverty line. 图表题型说明文第三段:提出解决办法结尾句: However, a further decrease in the number of poverty-stricken people is faced with some problems.扩展句:1. With quite few employees being laid off, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging. 2. So my principle is to pay due attention to the "newcomers", but not just to care for the poor, say , in remote mountain areas.图表题型说明文•范文People Below Poverty Line. As the bar chart shows, the number of people below the poverty line decreased dramatically during the years of 1978 to 1997.As early as 1978, about 250 million people were under the poverty line. Then seven years later, the number became three fifths that of 1978.And arriving in the year 1997, the number was reduced to 50 millions. 图表题型说明文 Several factors contribute to the sharp decrease of the below-poverty population. The reform and opening following 1978 enabled the peasants to become much better off. And with the development of Chinese economy, that policy also improved city dwellers' lives greatly. Furthermore, the high-tech introduced made it possible for the country's economy as a whole to take off. All these result in the great fall of the Chinese population below the poverty line.图表题型说明文 However, a further decrease in the number of poverty-stricken people is faced with some problems. With quite a few employees being laid off, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging. So my principle is to pay due attention to the "newcomers", but not just to care for the poor, say, in remote mountain areas.图表题型说明文•Follow-up exercise: College Students Working Part-time1.下图所示为某高校学生兼职情况调查,对其现状进行描述;2. 说明从事兼职与学习之间的关系3. 我的观点图表题型说明文。












