英译汉教学课件具体译词法 短语.ppt

Translation Skills IIIInstructor: Niu ChunlingCourse Description: E-C Translation五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）•所谓具体译法具体译法: 就是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象或者是比较抽象的单词、词组、成语或者句子用具体或者是比较具体的单词、词组、成语或者句子来进行翻译，从而消除或降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失，使译文产生与原文同样的效果 •My uncle remembered me in his letter to my father. •我叔叔在给我父亲的信中向我问好•My uncle remembered me on my birthday. •我叔叔送了我一个生日礼物•My uncle remembered me in his will. •我叔叔指明分给我遗产五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）•（一）单词、词组和成语英译汉时具体泽法的（一）单词、词组和成语英译汉时具体泽法的译例：译例：•translation •翻译翻译---翻译作品翻译作品•government •政府政府---政府官员政府官员•family •家庭家庭---家庭成员家庭成员•class •班级班级---全班学生全班学生•committee •委员会委员会---委员会成员委员会成员•press •出版出版---出版物；报纸；杂志；出版社出版物；报纸；杂志；出版社五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）•retirement •退休退休---退休处；幽静地方；偏僻地方退休处；幽静地方；偏僻地方•very timid •非常胆小非常胆小---胆小如鼠胆小如鼠•keep quiet •不吱声不吱声---噤若寒蝉噤若寒蝉•be full of anxiety and worry •十分挂念，放不上心十分挂念，放不上心---牵肠挂肚牵肠挂肚•speed up •快上加快快上加快---快马加鞭快马加鞭•a great and thorough-going change •巨大而彻底的变化巨大而彻底的变化---翻天覆地的变化翻天覆地的变化•very anxious to return home •回家心切回家心切---归心似箭归心似箭•have not cut off relations completely •没有彻底断绝关系没有彻底断绝关系---藕断丝连藕断丝连五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）•（二）句子译例（二）句子译例•We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.•我们都被他那种我们都被他那种崇高气质崇高气质所深深打动。

所深深打动•The publishing house has to take the readability of the novel into consideration.•出版社不得不考虑这部小说的出版社不得不考虑这部小说的可读性可读性•His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness.•他的他的傲慢态度傲慢态度使他孤立无援使他孤立无援•The dancing hall was filled with gayety.•舞厅充满了舞厅充满了欢乐气氛欢乐气氛•Her jealousy is the cause of her failure.•她的她的嫉妒心理嫉妒心理是她失败的根源是她失败的根源 •Many changes take place during the transformation.•在转化过程中出现了许多变化五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）•The black people were fighting against the segregation of the government.•黑人正在同政府的隔离政策作斗争。

•The crime sent him into notoriety.• 这一罪行使他落入了声名狼藉的境地•John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long.• 然而，约翰那种轻松愉快的心境没有手续多久•Maybe her real basic weakness might be some form of kindness.• 说不定她真正的根本弱点就在于某种形式的仁慈之心.•“Does it make you dizzy?” he asked in a tone of great kindness.• “是不是转得你头晕了?” 他问道, 声音中带着无限的关怀.五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）五、具体译词法（词义的引伸）•“Tell me, Rebecca, did I ever do anything but kindness?”•“你倒说说看，丽贝卡，我错待过你没有？”•He that has once done you kindness will be more ready to do you another than he whom you yourself have obliged.•施恩于你之人，比受你恩惠之人，更乐意随时帮助你。

•Tom and Adolph, and some half-a-dozen other servants were turned to the kindness of Mr. Skeggs.•汤姆和阿道夫，还有五六个其他仆人，则交给斯凯格斯先生照管•He questioned the wisdom of her going there with them. •他怀疑她跟他们一起去是否明智六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•为了译文的忠实与通顺，我们往往有必要把原文为了译文的忠实与通顺，我们往往有必要把原文中带有具体意义或中带有具体意义或具体形象的具体形象的单词、词组、成语单词、词组、成语或句号，进行或句号，进行抽象化处理抽象化处理这种翻译方法，我们这种翻译方法，我们称之为称之为抽象译法抽象译法 •（一）单词、词组、成语英译汉时抽象译法的译例：（一）单词、词组、成语英译汉时抽象译法的译例：•make fish of one and flesh of another •厚此薄彼•lick sb’s boots •巴结•stick to one’s last •安分守已•keep sth. under one’s hat •保密六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•eat one’s heart out •极度悲痛•be in sb’s pocket •被某人操纵•be in irons •监禁•wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve •表露感情•put one’s cards on the table •表明观点•eat like a bird• 吃得很少六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•catch forty winks •打盹儿打盹儿•break the ice •打破僵局打破僵局•jump out one’s skin •大吃一惊大吃一惊•get cold feet• 胆怯胆怯•walk in air •得意洋洋得意洋洋•get the green light• 行到许可行到许可•mend one’s fences •改善关系改善关系•poke one’s nose into •干涉干涉六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•（二）句子英译汉时抽象译法的译例：（二）句子英译汉时抽象译法的译例：•I was practically on my knees but he still refused.• 我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。

•The two sisters were usually in agreement on most issues, but they were at sword’s points on the matter of abortion.•两姐妹绝少争执，但在人工流产问题上，她们却是针锋相对•He is a rolling stone. I don’t think he can lay up any money.• 他是个走哪算哪（见异思迁）的人，我想他不会存钱•Since I got the news at second hand, I took it with a grain of salt.• 这个消息我只是间接听来的，所以并不完全相信•I must bare my heart to someone, or I shall go mad.• 我一定要和人说说心里话，否则我就会发疯了六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•I’ll break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I can’t promise for sure.•我一定会豁出去在星期五以前完成此事，但我不能保证。

•By this means she cast in a bone between the wife and the husband.•她用这种手段离间这对夫妻（种下了梁子）•He think by all this fast talking and flattery he can pull the wool over her eyes.•他以为像这样花言巧语加上奉承拍马就可以蒙蔽她•The matter was finally settled under the table. •事情终于私下解决了•The society held its meeting behind closed doors. •这个社团秘密开会六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•He earns scarcely enough to keep body and soul together.•他挣钱几乎难以维持生活（难以为继）•I have no head for music. •我没有音乐方面的天赋•Please don’t wake a sleeping dog. •请不要无事生非（没事找事）。

•You can always fall back on him when you are in difficulties.•遇到困难时，你总可以指望他•This testimony puts quite a new face on the whole matter.•这个证词使整个事件完全改观了六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•在翻译中，针对词汇空缺现象，在词汇的借用、引用方面通常采取以下形式：•一、音译音译(transliteration)•外借外借：秧歌：秧歌(yangko)、阴阳（、阴阳（yin&yang)、点心、点心（（Dimsum)、、榻榻米(tatami) •内借：“俱乐部”(club)，“模特儿”(model)、“费’’(fee)、“基因”(gene)、“胎”(tyre)、“乌托邦”(Utopia) ，“逻辑”(logic)；“休克”(shock)、“巧克力”(chocolate)、“淋巴” (lymph)、“吉他”(guitar) ，engine（引擎），motor（马达），sofa (沙发)，disco迪斯科，laser镭射，Benz奔驰，Simmons席梦思 六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•二、音译加注二、音译加注(transliteration plus annotation)•Sauna•桑拿浴•Boeing•波音飞机•Jazz•爵士乐•Rifle•来福枪•Nylon•尼龙布六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•三、直译三、直译(literal translation)•paper tiger•纸老虎纸老虎•lose face•丢脸丢脸•Seeing is believing•百闻不如一见百闻不如一见•Out of mind，，out of sight.•眼不见，心不烦眼不见，心不烦•春卷春卷•spring roll •蛋卷蛋卷•egg roll 六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•三、直译三、直译(literal translation)•三天打鱼，两天晒网。

•One day fish and two days to dry one‘s net．•hotdog热狗 •beeper；beep machine BP机 •eye for eye•以眼还眼• Black humor•黑色幽默 •Silence is golden．•沉默是金六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•四、直译加注四、直译加注(literal translation plus annotation)•Zero Ground • 零地带 (指纽约世贸大厦2001年9月11日后形成的瓦砾场，源自于原子弹着陆后的爆炸点)•mad-cow disease •疯牛病（指牛海面壮脑病）•sandwich generation •三明治人（指既要照顾孩子又要照顾父母的人)•a dog in the manger•狗占马槽 （太自私了）•the box of Pandora•潘多拉的盒子 (后患无穷)•Judas kiss •犹大之吻 (居心险恶)六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•五、意译法五、意译法(free/liberal translation)•to laugh one’s head off •笑掉大牙•to spend money like water•挥金如土•to cry ones eyes out•痛哭流涕•He acts a lot older than his years． •他年纪轻轻，做事却相当老练。

•If you think me in a way to be happier than I deserve, I am quite of your opinion． •如果你认为我的幸福来之太易，受之有愧，那我完全同意你的看法六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）六、抽象译法（词义的引伸）•六、音译与意译并存六、音译与意译并存 •安琪儿／天使(angel)•卡通／动画片(cartoon) •西门汀／士敏土(cement)•康拜恩(combine)•赛因斯(science) •布尔乔亚／资产阶级(bourgeoisie) 。