2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷63.docx

2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The young math teacher gave her students extra work to do because she was ______ by all the noise and the talking in the classroom.问题1选项A.exasperatedB.aggregatedC.perturbedD.assailed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析A项exasperate“激怒，使恼怒”，B项aggregate“集合，聚集”，C项perturb“扰乱，使……混乱”，D项assail“攻击，质问”由The young math teacher gave her students extra work to do（这位年轻的数学老师给她的学生布置了额外的作业）和noise and the talking in the classroom（教室里的噪音和讲话声），结合常识，可知空格处填入A项符合句意：这位年轻的数学老师给她的学生布置了额外的作业，因为她被教室里的噪音和讲话声激怒了。

因此，该题选择A项2. 单选题 The man I’m seeking to fill this position must be ______ since he will be representing us before the public.问题1选项A.personableB.pedantC.hypocriticalD.snobbish【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析A项personable表示“品貌兼优的，英俊潇洒的”，B项pedant表示“学究，书呆子，卖弄学问的人”，C项hypocritical表示“虚伪的，伪善的”，D项snobbish表示“势利的”根据he will be representing us before the public（他将在公众面前代表我们）可知，“品貌兼优的”符合语境句意：我要找来填补这个职位的人必须是品貌兼优的，因为他将在公众面前代表我们因此，该题选择A项正确3. 单选题In spite of the rain, the ______ spectators waited patiently for the delayed start of the game.问题1选项A.industriousB.ingeniousC.chaoticD.assiduous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项industrious“勤奋的，勤劳的”，B项ingenious“有独创性的，机灵的，精制的”，C项chaotic“混沌的，混乱的”，D项assiduous“兢兢业业的，孜孜不倦的”由spectators（观众）和the delayed start of the game（被推迟的比赛开始）可知，当时的现场应该是“混乱的”，C项符合句意：尽管下着雨，但是混乱的观众耐心地等待着被推迟的比赛开始因此，该题选择C项4. 单选题Few people still ______ lawyers and politicians merely because of the positions they hold.问题1选项A.venerateB.revereC.acclaimD.accolade【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析A项venerate“崇敬，尊敬”，尤指对被认为神圣或重要的人或事物表示尊敬、崇敬；B项revere“敬畏，尊敬”，指对某人或某事物极为尊敬或钦佩；C项acclaim“称赞，为……喝彩”，D项accolade为名词，表示“赞扬，表扬”根据句子可知，空格处需要填入一个谓语动词，D项排除。

根据句子意思“很少人仍然……律师和政治家，仅仅因为他们所拥有的职位”可知，空格处填入“尊敬”符合，只有B项正确句意：现在很少有人仅仅因为律师和政客的职位而尊敬他们因此，该题选择B项5. 单选题As Gilbert White, Darwin, and others observed long ago, all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check different populations makes this over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different populations makes this task more difficult: some populations remain roughly constant from year to year; other exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly, with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather, and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns, one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have “density-dependent” growth parameters; that is, rates of birth, death, and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have “density-independent” growth parameters, with vital, rates buffeted by environmental events; these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses, but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth, death and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages, if there were no density-dependent effects, the population would, in the long run, either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly). Put another way, it may be that on average 99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes, and only one percent from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant, and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet, whether recognized or not, they will usually determine the long-term average population density.In order to understand the nature of the ecologist’s investigation, we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the “signal” ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones, while the density-independent effects act to produce “noise” in the population dynamics. For populations that remain relatively constant, or that oscillate around repeated cycles, the signal can be fairly easily characterized and its effects described, even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown. For irregularly fluctuating populations, we are likely to have too few observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise. But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.58. The author of the passage is primarily con。