替代省略插入语 (2).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,替代 省略 插入语,一，替代,替代是指,为了避免重复,，用相应的词,替代上文中出现的某个单词或词组,，这种现象叫替代that/one/it ;do/does/did;so;not,that,，,one,，,it,等替代上文中的名词,that,指上文出现过的不可数名词单数或可数名词,特指,表示“,the+,n,.,”,其复数为,those.,The population of China is larger than _ of Germany.,The book on the desk is easier than,_,on the shelf.,The students in this class work harder than _ in that class.,that,that,those,one,用来代替上文出现过的单数可数名词,表示泛指,复数为,ones.,可用“,an/,a+,n,.,表示,.,A stone bridge is usually stronger than,_,made of wood.,it,用来代指具体的,特定的上文提及的东西,与上文是同名同物,I bought a pen yesterday,but I lost,_,afterwards.,one,it,do,替代上文中出现过的动词,(,词组,),A horse runs faster than a cow,does,.(runs,),This student studies harder than that one,does,.(studies,),-Did you read this novel?,-Yes,I,did,.(read this novel),so,代替上文出现过的内容,用作下列动词的宾语,代替一个宾语从句,:,I,think,believe,suppose,imagine,guess,expect,hope,及,Im,afraid,so,等,.,-Do you think she will come?,-I think,so,.(I think shell come.),so+do,does,did,/can,等,/,系,v.+sb./sth,.,表示,某人或某事也是如此。

Its fine today.,-_,yesterday,.,so+sb./sth,.+,do,does,did,/can,等,/,系,v.,表示,某人或某事确实如此You are late again,-_.,So was it,So I am,I,think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/Im afraid/expect/hope,not,代替一个否定的宾语从句Is she right?-I think not/I dont think so.,-Will it rain tomorrow?-I hope not.,注意点,(1)think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,guess,后的否定词,not,简略问答有两种,:,I think not,或,I dont think so.,我认为不这样,.,(2)I hope not(,否,),I hope so(,肯,),I dont hope so.,(3)Im afraid not.Im not afraid so.,二、插入语,常插入,一些单词,短语或句子,用来补充某些含义,语法上称它们为“插入语”,.,它起到,解释说明,的作用,如果去掉,对句子本身影响不大,.,然而有些插入语是不可去掉的,比如,:for example,in other words,等,.,单词,(,多是副词,),单词作插入语位置比较灵活,可位于句末,句中,句首,.,常见的有,though,however,therefore,personally,luckily,obviously,consequently,fortunately,等,常用逗号与句子分开,.,I had thought he couldnt come.He came,though,.,Personally,I think hes too selfish.,Her mother was seriously ill.,Consequently,she left school,短语,现在分词短语,不定式短语,介词短语都可作插入语,起到补充说明的意思,常见的插入语短语有,:,for example/by the way/generally speaking,to be frank/believe it or not/,on the contrary,句子,do you think/believe/suppose,do you know,I believe,whats more,lets say,that is to say,多位于句末,也可位于句中,.,As far as I know,He is very clever.,据我所知,他很聪明,.,Who do you think will go there?,你认为谁会去那儿,?,注意点,插入语,do you think/believe/suppose/know,用于特殊疑问句中时,其语序是,:,疑问词,+do you think+,主,+,谓,?,What,do you think,you are,doing?,How,d,o you suppose,they can,answer these questions?,Whom,do you think,he really loves,?,When,do you expect,they will,come back?,三，省略,1.,感官动词或使役动词（如：,notice,hear,let,make),等后接不定式作宾补时省略,to,被动时,to,不能省略。

即,:notice/hear,sb,.,do,sth,.,sb,.be noticed/heard,to do,sth,.,2.,在,prefer to do rather than,do,cannot help but,do,nothing but,do,等句型中常省略,to,3.to,代替不定式以免重复，常用此结构的动词：,refuse,want,seem,mean,intend,expect,hope,fear,fail,wish,would like/,love,tell,等,I couldnt find him,though I,wanted to,.(find him),-Would you like to come to the party?,-,Id love/like to,.(come to the party),I meant to write to you,but,forgot to,.(write to you),-You hurt him.,-I didnt,mean to,.(hurt him),4.,应注意状语从句、定语从句中的省略状语从句中，如果谓语含动词,be,主语又与主句主语一致或主语是,it,从句中主语和,be,一齐省略。

5.,注意,not,so,neither,nor,的“替代性”省略,6.used to be,中,be,不能省略,不定式的完成式后保留,to have,-You,ought to have finished,your work.,-I know I,ought to have,.,不定式的否定式后保留,to,-Did you want to give a talk on this subject?,-,I prefer,not to,.,。