高考英语阅读-主旨大意.docx

高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧Step1主旨大意题的命题形式主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等这类题的设问方式主要有：1.常见的主题型题干：(包括文章大意和段落大意)（main idea, topic, subject, theme, ）⑴ the main ideas of this passage is that _______________.(填空式)⑵ the passage is mainly about _________________.⑶ the last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ________________.⑷ which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the article?(问题式)⑸ what is the topic/subject of the article?(6) Which proverb best matches the story?(文意与成语匹配类)2. 常见标题型题干：（title, headline）⑴ the best title/headline for this passage might be _________________.⑵ which of the following is the best title for the passage?3. 常见目的型题干：(purpose)⑴ the author’s main purpose in writing the passage is ______________.⑵ the passage is meant to _________________. ⑶ the purpose of this article is ________________.[正确选项特征 ]①涵盖性强，覆盖全文。

②确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小③精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩[干扰选项特征]①覆盖面太大、太笼统，大大超出了短文论述的范围②覆盖面偏窄，在内容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要点；仅为短文的某一要点甚至某一细节③与短文有部分交集，但偏离文章主题，有重叠但不重合Step2 解题步骤第一步:识别文体,找主题句新闻报道----导语提携全文议论文 ----总--分--总（论点－论据－结论）说明文---主题句（首--中---尾）记叙文----记叙文六要素寻找主题句的方法1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词一) 记叙文: 文中一般没有明显的题句 夹叙夹议文: 主题句常在议论中（Given all these points above , I would support the idea that… For all the reasons mentioned above ,I would prefer… ） 说明文: 一般在首段，尾段或第二段的转折处 议论文: 一般为总分总模式, 即主题句（作者的观点） 常在首段或末段（作者观点的重申）。

当然，由于写作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段文章中间标志性句子如：I agree with the opinion that…(二) 文中出现的连词（转折but/ however，因果 so/ therefore，或一些常见但在文章中间出现有一定目的的词（in fact, the study shows that…, for example, in short）, 这些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句 三)有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意进行归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一步加工概括了四)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨.(五)关注高频词 (常为名词)第二步: 推敲选项, 排除干扰推敲选项正误的5个小窍门:⑴ 根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词,与四个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案⑵ 正确选项常含有概括性的词语⑶ 正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词⑷ 正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻或说明道理⑸ 四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案干扰项的特点:⑴概括范围太窄,常为文中具体信息或某个段落大意⑵概括范围太宽,所表达内容常超出文章阐述的内容⑶无关信息:即文中未提到或找不到语言依据的信息,但看起来又是对的.标题的特点: 简练, 全面, 范围合理, 常为名词. 忌: 范围太大, 过于笼统； 范围太小 (常用文中细节或某段段落大意来混淆). Step3三大类主旨大意题的解题方法类型1.段落大意---瞻首顾尾，定位中心句考法角度：段落大意是指一篇文章各个段落的主要意思，是对一个段落基本内容的初步的概括。

各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句，但是有时也可能没有主题句，这就需要大家进行归纳了概括段落大意时，还要注意段落大意是否与全篇相符典例精析】阅读片段1--2013年北京卷Passage C Para 3The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.64. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired. B. The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.C. Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids. D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.类型2.文章大意--主题句定位在做此类试题的时候要浏览首段、尾段或每段的首句和尾句，综合断定全文大意。

典例精析】 阅读片段3 How can we measure intelligence? Experts are not completely certain about the answer to this question. However, in solving some problems, monkeys are better than other animals and this is agreed to be a sign of their high intelligence.  In one experiment, the animals had to reach the food at the other side of a fence(栅栏)by walking round. Monkeys quickly saw the solution. Dogs were not so certain, while hens simply rushed at the fence, trying to reach the food directly. In the second step of the experiment, the animal could not walk round, but there was a rope connected to the food. Monkeys pulled the rope and the dogs didn’t know what to do though they could easily pull the rope with their teeth.*** The main idea of the passage is that_____.A. monkeys are cleverer than other animals B. it’s difficult to measure intelligenceC. experts are trying to find a way to measure intelligence D. monkeys, dogs and hens are good animals类型3.标题归纳--精准全新好标题的特点：1） 精---用精炼的语言概括文章的中心思想。

2) 准---要注意文章的内涵和外延，把作者的观点准确表达出来3) 全--要排除片面的观点选取包含文章主要内容及作者观点的选项 4）新--要新颖，激发读者的阅读兴趣【典例精析】 阅读片段4--2014年湖北卷Passage BLondon’s newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.58. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps B. The Shard: Work of a Great ArchitectC. The Shard: New Symbol of London? D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?Step4如何寻找主题句Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless。