（可编辑）定语从句归纳及专项练习题（精华版）.docx

言简意赅，远见卓识，望君采纳，谢谢！删除水印可，编辑页眉，选中水印，点击删除定语从句 语法归纳及练习一、语法知识归纳一、基本概念（一） 定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句二） 先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分关系代词有： who, whom, which, that 和 whose, 另外， as 也可充当关系代词关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语关系副词有： when, where 和 why在定语从句中充当状语二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词如下表：关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注人 主语， 宾语who Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?8whom人宾语whose人，物定语that人，物主语， 宾语which物主语， 宾语as人，物主语， 宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.I like those books whose topics are about关 系 history.代词 The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.whom, which 和 that 在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略， 但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用 thatas 做宾语一般不省略例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语）② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语）③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you . （作宾语）⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly woundedwas operated on without delay. （作定语） 注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。

（见上例③④）（二）关系代词 that 代替 which 的一些情况which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用但在有些情况下，只用 that先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时例如：① This is the best that has been used against pollution.② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years .⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时例如：① This is the last place (that) I want to visit .② It is the first American movie of this kind that I ’ve ever seen.⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等代词时例如：① You should hand in all that you have.② We haven’t got much that we can offer you.⑷ 先行词前面有 the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every 等修饰时。

例如：① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.② The little money ( that) he had was stolen.（三）宜用 who, 而不用 that 的一些情况⑴ 先行词是 one, ones, anyone时例如：① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.② Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it .⑵先行词是 those 时例如：① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.（四）其它情况⑴ 先行词既有人又有物时例如：① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about ?② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.⑵ 主句已有疑问词 who 或 which 时。

例如：① Which is the bike that you lost?② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?（五）与 whose 有关的问题⑴ whose 是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物例如：① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.② Please show me the bookwhose cover is red.⑵ 当 whose 表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用 of which 的形式例如：① The building whose roof you can see from hereis a new restaurant.→ The building, the roof of which you can see from here,is a new restaurant 或.→ The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。

例如：Have you seen the pen(which) I wrote the note with just now ? （ which 作介词 with 的宾语）→ Have you seen the penwith which I wrote the note just now ?但是，要注意的是：⑴ 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用 whom 和 which，而不再用 that 或 who ⑵ 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略⑶ 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如： look for, look after, take care of 等例如：错误： Who is the old man to that you were talking to?正确： Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to ?错误： These are the sheepof which the boy took care.正确： These are the sheep(which/that) the boy took care of .四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。

例如：Who is the guy that is reading over there?The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000. All that needs to be done has been done.He is one of the studentswho use computer a lot for study. Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.例③中的 all 意为“一切”，作单数例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别：情况 用法说明 例句只用 that 的情况只 用 which, who, whom 的情况先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, 等不定代词时先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时句中已经有 who 或 which 时，为了避免重复时在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which 指代物，用 who/whom 指人在由“介词 +关系代词” 引导的定语从句中， 只能用 which 指物，whom 指人。

先行词本身是 that 时，关系词用 which, 先行词为 those, one, he时多用who1. He told me everything that he knows.2. All the books that you offered h。