新编英语语法教程第五版 Lecture26 preposition.ppt

Lecture 26 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 介词还可以叫做什么词 前置词所以英语为preposition, 因为必须置于名词、代词或从句的前面 What are prepositions? How are they used? Prepositions are words that are used before a noun or a noun phrase to show time, place, movement, etc. A preposition can also be used before a verb in the ing form.e.g. it is useful for keeping our house clean. 介词就其构成来说分为： 2.1 简单介词 Simple Preposition 2.2 合成介词 Compound Preposition 2.3 二重介词 Double Preposition 2.4 短语介词 Phrasal Preposition2. 2. 介词的分类介词的分类 2.1 2.1 简单介词简单介词 简单介词指由一个单词构成的介词。

常用的简单介词有： at, about, above, across, after, among, against, before, behind, below, beside, between, beyond, but, despite, during, except, for, in, of, on, over, near, past, round, since, through, till, until, with, up等 2.3 2.3 二重介词二重介词 二重介词指由两个单一的介词并列，作为一个介词使用并表达一个完整意思的介词 常见的二重介词有： from among，from behind，from under， until / till after 等 2.4 2.4 短语介词短语介词 短语介词指由介词介词、介词名词、介词分词、介词动词、介词形容词、介词副词等构成的短语 常用的有： according to，along with，in front of，by means of，in spite of，together with，with regard to等 “短语介词”与“介词短语”的区别是什么？介词短语是由介词加宾语构成，本身可作句子成分，如作定语、状语等，可单独使用。

介词 + 名词（或者代词）介词短语 in the morning 在早晨 under the tree 在树下 from China 来自中国 而短语介词是用作介词的短语，不可独立使用，本身不能作句子成分，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等 2.按意义分 表示时间的介词：at,on,in， after,for,since,by,till, until,during 表示地点、位置的介词： in,at,round,around,beyond,on, beneath,over,under,above,below,up,down, before,behind,between,among 表示方向、方位的介词：to,in,for,at 表示空间运动的介词： along,across,through,over,up, down,from,to,into,out of介词 表示工具、方法和手段的介词： with, by,in,through,on 表示原因的介词：because of, owing to, due to(一般不位于句首)，on account of, at, for, from, with,of，without， besides,except,except for,but,apart from （意思较广） 表示让步的介词：in spite of,despite,after all,for all,with all介词 3. 3. 介词短语的句法功能介词短语的句法功能 四. 作状语 1. 作地点状语 We live in Hangzhou. 2. 作时间状语 She got here at four. 3. 3. 作方式状语作方式状语 They came here by train. 3. 3. 介词短语的句法功能介词短语的句法功能 4. 作原因状语The game was postponed because of rain.5.作条件状语There will be no living things without water.6.作目的状语 He ran for shelter. 3. 3. 介词短语的句法功能介词短语的句法功能 7. 作让步状语 They play football in spite of the rain. 8. 作程度状语 To what extent would you trust them?（1 1）介词与形容词的搭配）介词与形容词的搭配有些形容词要求与一定的介词搭配。

例如：有些形容词要求与一定的介词搭配例如：Is that country Is that country rich inrich in minerals? minerals?He is He is intent onintent on（一心想）（一心想）winning.winning.Im Im indifferent toindifferent to heat and cold. heat and cold.但不少形容词之后可跟不同的介词，表示不同的意义例但不少形容词之后可跟不同的介词，表示不同的意义例如：如：Rose is Rose is alive toalive to the feeling of shame. the feeling of shame.（敏感）（敏感）The cat is The cat is alive withalive with lice. lice.（充满）（充满）The man The man is blind ofis blind of an eye. an eye.（瞎）（瞎）Jack was Jack was blind toblind to his own fault. his own fault.（不察觉）（不察觉） 也有不少形容词之后可跟不同的介词，而形容词的意也有不少形容词之后可跟不同的介词，而形容词的意义不变，只是其后的介词词组的搭配不同。

比较：义不变，只是其后的介词词组的搭配不同比较：Joe was very Joe was very disappointed atdisappointed at not finding her at home. not finding her at home.disappointed atdisappointed at之后的介词补足成分通常指事之后的介词补足成分通常指事His parents will be His parents will be disappointed withdisappointed with her if she fails the her if she fails the exam.exam.disappointed withdisappointed with之后的介词补足成分通常指人之后的介词补足成分通常指人 （2 2）介词与动词的搭配）介词与动词的搭配a a）动词）动词 + + 介词介词I shall I shall prevail onprevail on（说服）（说服）him to make the attempt.him to make the attempt.He He fell intofell into（养成）（养成）the habit of not attending to other the habit of not attending to other peoples advice.peoples advice.Your correspondents have only Your correspondents have only touched upontouched upon（涉及）（涉及）the the fringe of the manner.fringe of the manner. b b）动词）动词 + + 宾语宾语 + + 介词介词 They They excluded him fromexcluded him from the club. the club. They They took me intotook me into their confidence. their confidence.（他们信任我。

他们信任我 These men These men took me fortook me for（误认为）（误认为）a swindler.a swindler. 上述搭配中的宾语可按语义意图加以改变但在词组动上述搭配中的宾语可按语义意图加以改变但在词组动词结构中的名词不能随意改变例如：词结构中的名词不能随意改变例如： The old widow always The old widow always takes pity ontakes pity on（怜悯）（怜悯）some stray some stray cat or dog. cat or dog. You should You should take advantage oftake advantage of（利用）（利用）the opportunity, the opportunity, for it may not occur again. for it may not occur again.c c）动词）动词 + + 副词小品词副词小品词 + + 介词介词I dont wish to I dont wish to break in onbreak in on（打断）（打断）your thoughts.your thoughts.The family The family came up againstcame up against（碰到）（碰到）fresh problems.fresh problems.You are not telling me the whole story. You are You are not telling me the whole story. You are holding out onholding out on（对（对保密）保密）me.me.She She got off withgot off with（结识）（结识）him soon after she began to him soon after she began to work at the institution.work at the institution.We shouldnt We shouldnt putput the shortage the shortage down todown to（把（把归因归因于）于）bad planning.bad planning.d d）动词）动词 + + 宾语宾语 + + 副词小品词副词小品词 + + 介词介词You shouldnt You shouldnt taketake your resentment your resentment out onout on（怨恨（怨恨）me.me.You must watch that guy, or hell You must watch that guy, or hell put something over onput somethi。