宾语从句.docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑宾语从句 宾语从句 (要决：语序正常，时态一致) 一、明确三种类型 宾语从句根据其引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 1. 由连词that引导的宾语从句，如：He said (that) it was Sunday yesterday. 2. 由连词if/whether引导的宾语从句，如：Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week? 3. 由 which, when等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，如：I don’t know how I can get there. 二、 理顺转换步骤 把两个单句组成含有宾语从句的复合句时，合并变化应遵循以下四大要素： 1. 确定引导词（连接词） 根据从句的句子类型选择正确的引导词若从句为陈述句，那么引导词为that(that在口语中常省略)；若从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，那么引导词为if或whether；若从句是特殊疑问句，那么引导词由疑问词转化而来的疑问代词/副词。

2. 调整语序 宾语从句永远是陈述句语序若原句是疑问句式，那么应将它调整为陈述句语序 (追踪练习) 1) Is he going to the shop? I want to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) 2) When does he get up? Do you know? (改为含宾语从句的复合句) 3. 变换时态 A. 若主句谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可根据实际处境选用所需要的任何时态 1) He says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow. 2) I think (that) they have already gone to Beijing. B. 若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，那么宾语从句动词的时态用过去时的某种形式 (时态变化规律：一般现在时→一般过去时，现在举行时→过去举行时，一般将来时→过去将来时， 一般过去时→过去完成时，现在完成时→过去完成时，过去完成时→过去完成时) (追踪练习) 1) “Are you leaving for Shanghai soon?” She asked him. 2) “What did you do last night?” I asked Mary. 4. 变化人称 (要诀为：一从主，二从宾，三不变) 宾语从句的句子的主语假设是第一人称，那么随主句的主语变（主句主语是第几人称，那么宾语从句的主语变为第几人称）；假设是其次人称，那么随主句的宾语变（主句宾语是第几人称，那么宾语从句的主语 1 变为第几人称）；假设是第三人称，那么不要变（宾语从句的主语仍用第三人称）。

(追踪练习) 1) Shall I go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) 2) Will you go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) 3) Will she go there too? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) 三、 加强三点留神 1. 时态不变 当宾语从句的内容是客观事实或科学真理等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时态 (追踪练习) 1) “The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher said to the students. (改为宾语从句) 2) “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” My father told me. (改为宾语从句) 2. “两副面孔” if和when等既能引导宾语从句，又能引导状语从句若引导的是宾语从句，它们的时态常用一般将来时；若引导的是状语从句，它们的时态常用一般现在时 (主将从现)。

(追踪练习) 1) I don’t know if/when he _____________ tomorrow. (come) (__________从句) 2) If/When he ______________, he’ll tell you about it. (come) (__________从句) 3. 从句的简化 A. 当主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, choose, agree等，且主句与从句主语一致时， 从句可简化为不定式布局, 如decide to do sth. B. 当主句谓语动词为hear, see, watch等感官动词时，从句常简化为如see sb. do sth./doing sth. C. 在连接代/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语相一致时， 宾语从句可简化为“wh- + to do sth.”布局 (追踪练习) 1) He agreed that he could help me with my English. 2) I heard that some children were singing some songs. 2 3) I don’t know what I should do. 几点留神： 1． 情态动词might/should/could/would/must不需变化。

2． 时间状语与片面词语的变化： now → then, today → that day, yesterday → the day before last week → the week before , tomorrow →the next day, the following day, next year → the next year, here → there, this→ that, these →those, come →go, bring→ take. 3． Could you please tell me只是一种礼貌用法，并非过去时，宾语从句无需变换时态 ---Could you tell me what he does? --- He is an engineer. 4． 疑问词作宾语从句主语时，无需考虑语序问题 I don’t know what happened to him? Do you know what is wrong/the matter with him? Can you tell me who will give us a talk? 5． 巧记句型变化： 直接引语 转述陈述句 转述一般疑问句 转述特殊疑问句 转述祁使句 (稳定练习) 将以下直接引语转换为间接引语。

变化四要素：人称(一从主，二从宾，三不变)，引导词，时态，语序 一．祁使句系列 (不用考虑引导词，said to sb. ? told/asked sb. (not) to do sth.) 1. “Please pass me the plates, Tom.” Mum said. 2. The teacher said to the students, “Please hand in your homework after class.” 3. The policeman said to the children, “Don’t play in the street.” 4. Mr. Brown said, “Don’t make such a mistake again, Mary.” 二．陈述句系列 (that引导, 从句时态随主句谓语动词变化，即主句谓动为said, 从句时态改为对应的过去时态，但客观真理不变时态) 1. “Dick is the tallest in our class.” Mike said to his mum. 2. “My sister likes music very much.” He said. 3. “We have lived here for ten years.” She said. 间接引语 用that引导的宾语从句 用if/whether引导的宾语从句 (从句用陈述句语序) 用原来的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 (从句用陈述句语序) 用句型tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth. 3 4. Mr. Green said to the boys, “There are at least seven colours in the light.” 5. “I will tell you as soon as I see you tomorrow.” Sally said to Tom. 6. “My sister is playing music now.” Jim told me . 7. “Seeing is believing.” The teacher told us. 8. “I would rather stay at home on holidays.” The boy always says. 三．一般疑问句系列 (if/whether引导, 从句时态也随主句谓语动词变化，语序为陈述句语序， 助动词do, does, did不再展现句中) 1. “Will he come tomorrow?” We don’t know. 2. “Did you see anybody in the park last night?” The police asked the man. 3． “Would you go with me or stay at home?” David asked Mary. 4． “Does the light travel faster than the sound?” The little boy asked his father. 5． “Are you watching TV now?” I asked Tom. 6． Will you choose the red one or the blue one? The shopkeeper asked me. 7． Are you able to repair the spaceship? The scientist asked the boy. 8. Did you hand in the project yesterday? The teacher asked the student. 9．Do you like reading books? He asked Kell。