
专升本语法专题4形容词和副词.ppt
28页专升本语法专题四形容词和副词形容词的基本用法一、形容词:就是用来修饰名词或不定代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词形容词主要作定语、表语、补语如:1) This is a new pen. 这是支新钢笔形容词new作名词pen定语)2) These oranges taste ______.A. goodB. well C. to be goodD. to be well【分析】答案选A系动词taste(尝起来)后要接形容词作表语形容词的基本用法3) John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ______.A. openB. to be opened C. to openD. opening【分析】答案选A形容词open(开着的)作宾补,表示状态注意:不要选答案D,因为open是短暂性动词,不能表状态副词的基本用法二、副词:就是修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词副词在句中主要作状语如:1) It’s raining heavily. 雨下得很大。
副词heavily修饰谓语动词rain)2) It’s a rather interesting job. 这是一份相当有趣的工作副词rather修饰形容词interesting)3) She speaks English very well. 她的英语说得很好副词very修饰副词)4) This is just what he said. 这正是他所说的副词just修饰what he said)副词的基本用法注:here、there、in、out、away、abroad等少数副词也可以作表语;here、there、home、abroad、below等表示地点或方位的词及today、tomorrow、yesterday、back、out等表示时间或动词方向词还可以作定语如:1) Tom isn’t here. 汤姆不在这里here作表语)2) The people there were very kind to us. 那里的人对我们很友好副词there作定语,修饰people)表语形容词三、表语形容词:有的形容词一般只作表语,如表示健康状况的well、unwell、ill、faint;表示情感反应的glad、sorry、fond、worth、able;以a开头的afraid、alone、asleep、alive、awake、alike、ashamed等。
但有的可作后置定语或补语定语形容词四、定语形容词:通常只作定语的形容词,如起强调作用的only(唯一的)、single(唯一的)、certain(某一)、certain(真正的)、true(真正的)、very(正是)、live(活的)、exact(准确的)、present(在场的);由名词等转化而来的wooden(木制的)、woolen(羊毛制的)、drunken(醉的)、medical、daily、weekly、electric、former(前任的)、some、any、little、many;及one-eyed之类的复合形容词等如:This is a medical school.形容词作定语的后置规律五、形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前,但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后:(一)形容词短语作定语时要后置如:______ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave形容词作定语的后置规律【分析】答案选C。
enough修饰形容词时要位于形容词之后,排除B和修饰形容词时要位于形容词之后,排除Dbrave enough to …是形容词短语作定语,修饰students,要置于名词students之后形容词作定语的后置规律(二)表语形容词作定语要后置如:All the people ______ at the party were his supporters.A. presentB. thankful C. interestedD. important【分析】答案选A表语形容词present(出席的、在场的)作定语,要放在所修饰的名词后C. 形容词修饰不定代词something、anything、nothing等时,要位于后面如:Is there anything important in the paper? 报纸上有什么重要新闻吗?多个形容词作定语的排序六、多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时,其排序规律是:(限定词+程度副词+)描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。
多个形容词作定语的排序如:1) John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ______ car.A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white【分析】答案选B按“大小+颜色+产地”的顺序排列多个形容词作定语的排序2) ______ students are required to take part in the boat race.A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese【分析】答案选A。
数词是限定词,应排在形容词前,排除C和D;又因strong是描绘性形容词,young表示年龄,Chinese表示国籍,其先后应为“描绘+年龄+国籍”多个形容词作定语的排序3) The ______ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little【分析】答案选Alittle是限定词,应放在形容词前面,排除C和D;表示颜色的应放在表示物质材料的形容词的前面,排除B按“大小+颜色+材料”的顺序排列多个形容词作定语的排序注:限定词的排序:前位限定词(指量限定词all、both、half等;倍数词double、twice等;分数词one-third、two-fifths等)+中位限定词(冠词;指示代词;形容词性物主代词;名词所有格)+后位限定词(序数词及last、next等;基数词及few、several等)。
多个形容词作定语的排序如:1) The husband gave his wife ______ every month in order to please her.A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income【分析】答案选Aall和half都是前位限定词,his是中位限定词,所以his要位于all和half之后,只有A正确多个形容词作定语的排序2) —How was your recent visit to Qingdao?—It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ______ days at the seaside.A. few last sunnyB. last few sunny C. last sunny fewD. few sunny last【分析】答案选B。
last、few是限定词,sunny是描绘性形容词,根据“限定词+形容词”的原则,排除C和D又根据“序数词(包括last、past、next、another等)+基数词(包括few、several等)”的原则,排除A副词在句中的位置规律七、副词在句中的位置规律(一)副词修饰形容词或其它副词时,一般位于被修饰词的前面,但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面如:1) —Mum, I think I’m ______ to get back to school.—Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.A. so wellB. so good C. well enoughD. good enough【分析】答案选C指“身体好”用形容词well (=healthy)而不用good;副词enough修饰形容词时,要位于形容词之后副词在句中的位置规律2) If I had ______, I’d visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places.A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough【分析】答案选A。
enough要放在形容词long之后副词在句中的位置规律3) ______, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange【分析】答案选A修饰整个句子,要用副词,排除C和D;副词enough应放在它所修饰的副词strangely的后面,所以选A副词在句中的位置规律(二)频度副词always、usually、often、never等一般放be动词之后如:1) She always gets up early. 她总是起得早副词always放在行为动词gets之前)2) She is seldom late for school. 他很少上学迟到。
副词seldom放在be动词之后)副词在句中的位置规律(三)表示地点的副词常放在句末;表示确定时间的副词放在句首或句末;表示方式的副词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后,也可放在其它位置;同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时,其顺序一般为:方式+地点+时间副词在句中的位置规律如:______ I went to the railway station to see my friend off.A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinner C. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner【分析】答案选C方式副词一般位于“动词(+宾语)”之后–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别八、-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别ed形容词通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到…”;-ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人…”或“令人…的(事物)”这样成对的形容词有:interested / interesting;excited / exciting;frightened / frightening;surprised / surprising;pleased / pleasing;moved / moving;disappointed / disappointing等。
–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别1) Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ______.A. worriedB. to worried C. worryingD. worry【分析】答案选A表示人“感到忧虑的”用-ed形容词句意是:法律规定,行为触犯法律的儿童要由其父母接受法律的惩罚,这使得做父母的感到忧虑–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别2) It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely ______ the reader.A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest【分析】答案选D。
指书“令人有趣”用interesting而不interested,排除A和Cinterest是动词,“使…有趣”–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别注:即使-ed形容词用以说明事物,那也是指与该事物相关的人;即使-ing形容词用以说明人,也是指此人具有该性质或特征如:1) He told me the news in an excited voice. 他告诉了那个消息,声音很激动2) The man is interesting. 这个人很有趣–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别另外,glad、happy、sorry、angry、thankful、proud等的主语也只能是人;而pleasant、easy、difficult、important等则通常以事物或it作主语,因为它们是说明事物的如:—I’m very ______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. —Mn, it does have a ______ smell.A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant【分析】答案选D。
pleased指“(人)感到高兴”,pleasant指“令人愉快的(事物)”。












