中国科学技术大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题.doc

中国科学技术大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题PAPER ONESECTIONⅠ READING COMPREHENSION (30 points)Directions：There are 5 passages in this section．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．You should decide on the best choice and then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．Passage OneQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the following passage： Studying science within a social and political context is not part of current scientific training in the U．S．Instead，scientists believe that they are studying “knowledge for knowledge’s sake．”They work within a social structure of competition and reward that encourages pursuit of recognition of colleagues and prestige at the expense of humanness． Scientists undergo long years of training．PhD students，for example，do approximately 3-5 years of post—undergraduate work and frequently an additional 2-3 years of post doctoral study before starting a job at the lowest level of the so—called professional order．From the beginning the scientist is trained in the scientific method，which teaches one to isolate an object for study，to analyze its internal workings，to formulate laws about it．Both the isolation of the object and the method used to examine it，i．e．looking at parts rather than the whole，reinforce piecemeal rather than comprehensive thinking．It would not be possible for science to appear“neutral”if it were viewed as part of the cultural and social institutions that support，create and encourage it．Science as it is currently practiced is concerned with validity and not with values．It is pursuit of knowledge regardless of moral consideration． Long years of training in reductionist thinking produces scientists who are experts，special people who are thought to be more knowledgeable，rational，precise and brighter than others．The scientist becomes a “professional “isolated from common people and often unable to talk with others unlike himself．This“professionalism”allows the scientist to disregard any questioning of his work that does not belong to his scientific research．It allows scientists to keep a professional distance between themselves and non—scientists as well as between selves and subordinates．And it supports the social order within science itself．It is not unusual that scientists at the top can organize and direct work of subordinates and not even be questioned about it． Clearly the training and development of“professional”scientists produce persons for the most part who do not and perhaps cannot examine the social values of their work，and who not only shut out criticism but silence it．Given such long years of training and socialization in the ideology and behavior of science，it is not surprising that scientists who do military research regard their work as value free．1．Which of the following would a“professional”scientist show the most concern for? A．The long-term social effect of his theories． B．Application of his theories to social situation． C．Formulation of theories based on analysis． D．The connection of his theories with other subjects．2．According to the author，in the profession of science_________． A．scientists respect each other’s opinions． B．scientists welcome criticism from non—scientists． C．the competition between scientists is encouraged． D．young scientists are trained to be blindly obedient．3．Some scientists in military research believe that_________． A．they are in pursuit of knowledge B．military research is of great value to the nation C．they enjoy freedom only when they are doing military research D．military research should not be controlled by the State．4．The scientific training in the U．S．emphasizes_________． A．comprehensive thinking B．analytical thinking C．social application D．Both A and BPassage TwoQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the following passage： By far the most common difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work．This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study．Many students muddle along，doing a bit of this subject or that，as the mood takes them，or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment． Few students work to a set time-table．They say that if they did construct a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it，or would have to alter it constantly，since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be． No doubt some temperaments take much more kindly to a regular routine than others．There are many who shy away from the self-regimentation of a weekly time-table，and dislike being tied down to a definite programme of work．Many able students claim that they work in cycles．When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively for three or four days at a time．On other days they avoid work completely．It has 。