
过去完成时结构与用法.doc
6页过去完成时的结构与用法过去完成时 (The Past Perfect Tense ):过去完成时表示过去某一时间之前完成的动作或发生的情况,句子谓语形式由had+ 动词的过去分词构成,通常表述为“过去的过去” 在不同的句子结构中有相应体现,也可跟有一定的时间状语,如 by, before 等介词或连词1. 过去完成时的结构:1.1 肯定句:主语 +had+done+othersA. I had arrived.我已经到了B. He had sent the letter.他已经寄了这封信1.2 否定句:主语 +had+not+done+othersA. However,Her father had not brought her birthdaypresents.然而,她的父亲没有给她买生日礼物1.3 疑问句: had+ 主语 +done+others1肯定回答: YES,主语 +had/ 否定回答: NO, 主语 + hadn ’t A. Had Lisa gone to costume ball ?丽莎已经去化妆舞会了吗?Yes,she had.是的,她去了No,she hadn ’ t.没有,她没去。
1.4 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 +had+ 主语 +done+othersA. Why had The Castle become a memory ofgeneration?为什么电影城堡已经成为了一代的记忆?1.5 被动语态:主语 +had ( not ) been+done+othersA. At the end of last year,another magic design hadbeen completed.在去年低,另一个神奇的设计已经完成B. There was still doubtful that why the film had notbeen chased by public.对于这部电影为什么没有被大众所追捧依然存在些疑惑22. 过去完成时的用法2.1 在宾语从句中的运用:A. To my surprise,Josh told me that he had engaged.令我惊讶的是,乔希告诉我他已经订婚了B. Lizzy asked John what the professor had said in class.在课上,利兹问约翰,教授说了什么。
(这里“ said ”的动作在“ ask ”之前)2.2 在定语从句中的运用 :A. Yesterday, I helped an old man who had lost herway.昨天,我帮助了一个已经迷路的老人 ( who 引导的定语从句)2.3 在以主语 +had done, before/by+ 过去时间状语词组 /从句中的运用:attended the conference and delivered a speech before he visited Yorkshire.王先生在去约克郡之前已经出席了会议并发表演讲before 引导的从句,一般过去时)3B. Cappuccino had become a quick seller inStarbucks,by the end of last month.到上个月底为止, 卡布奇诺已经成为了星巴克的畅销品 ( by 引导的时间状语)2.4 Had done 在虚拟语气中的运用(属于较特殊情况) :( 1 )在虚拟条件句中的运用, 此时的意思要根据语境而定,可以与虚拟语气一起来归纳主要表示与过去事实相反的愿望,即与过去事实相反。
A. If I I had taken your advice, I would have got a goodgrade in the exam.如果我听取了你的建议,我将会在考试中取得好的成绩 had taken 表明过去我没有采取建议)( 2 )有 expect , intend , suppose (假定), hope,think等动词的过去完成时在句中出现时,表示未实现的打算,希望,愿望的意味A.I expect that I had been an intern in that company.我希望我已经是那个公司的一名实习生 (同样地,我并不是这个公司的实习生 )4( 3 )在 If only (但愿, 要是) or wish 出现的虚拟语气中,同样也表示与过去事实相反的愿望,想法A. Honestly,if only I had studied in university.说真的,要是我在大学学习多好! (事实上我没有,与现实相反)B. I wish I had been awarded the prize in the sportsmeeting.我希望我在运动会上被授予了奖励。
(事实上获奖不存在)2.5 在时间状语从句中的运用:例 如 一 些 引 导 词 since, until, no sooner...than,hardly...when, scarcely...when 等 , 一 般 可 视 为 "haddone" 出现的信号 ,从句常用一般过去时A.No sooner had Whitney Houston began to sing asong than there was an instant sensation.惠特妮·休斯顿一开始唱歌,就引起了瞬时的轰动 (注意:这里由于 no sooner 否定前置, 句子谓语部分倒装, 所以”had ”提前)A. It was a long time since Darcy had lived in this city.达西住在这座城市已经有很长时间了 (达西在过去的某个5时间点之前就住在这座城市)6。
